ResearchBenchmarksElectromagnetic wave simulation on 2D problems Reflection from layer 1.0 (test)Electromagnetic wave simulation on 2D problems Reflection from layer 1.0 (test)Follow4.709Relative L2 ErrorWGNO4.573965.485486.3977.30852Mar 16, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksRelative L2 ErrorWGNOTraining (s)=11, Infer...Training (s)=11, Inference time (s)=1.7 × 10−42026.034.709PINNTraining (s)=1221, Inf...Training (s)=1221, Inference time (s)=1.2 × 10−32026.035.507WaveguideTime (s)=6.0 × 10−3Time (s)=6.0 × 10−32026.036.11FreeFem++Time (s)=5.033Time (s)=5.0332026.038.085