ResearchBenchmarksElectromagnetic Wave Simulation on 2D problems Wave propagation 1.0 (test)Follow1.694Relative L2 ErrorPINN1.600482.231742.8633.49426Mar 16, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksRelative L2 ErrorPINNTraining (s)=855, Infe...Training (s)=855, Inference time (s)=1.2 × 10−32026.031.694FreeFem++Time (s)=3.467Time (s)=3.4672026.032.323WaveguideTime (s)=1.0 × 10−3Time (s)=1.0 × 10−32026.032.814WGNOTraining (s)=3.7, Infe...Training (s)=3.7, Inference time (s)=1.7 × 10−42026.034.032