ResearchBenchmarksDynamics Prediction on Duffing oscillator noise level σ=0Follow1.11MSE (acceleration)S³NODE0.88162.42333.9655.5067Jun 23, 2025Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksMSE (acceleration)MSE (displacement)MSE (velocity)S³NODENoise level=0Noise level=02025.061.111.454.53ARXNoise level=0Noise level=02025.061.225.872.12SONODENoise level=0Noise level=02025.061.521.019.46ANODENoise level=0Noise level=02025.063.159.956.06SKANODENoise level=0Noise level=02025.063.292.811.31NumericalNoise level=0Noise level=02025.063.372.691.06NARXNoise level=0Noise level=02025.066.826.134.65