ResearchBenchmarksGlobal Optimal Position Tracking on Environment Groups E1-E4 (Aggregated)Global Optimal Position Tracking on Environment Groups E1-E4 (Aggregated)Follow4.602Mean Tracking ErrorDNNPSO4.011767.9958811.9815.96412Apr 15, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksMean Tracking ErrorDNNPSO|p|=5, n=-|p|=5, n=-2026.044.602CNNPSO|p|=5, n=-|p|=5, n=-2026.045.495SPSO|p|=165, n=5|p|=165, n=52026.045.804SPSO|p|=165, n=33|p|=165, n=332026.045.926PSO|p|=165, n=-|p|=165, n=-2026.048.818PSO|p|=5, n=-|p|=5, n=-2026.048.828PSPSO|p|=165, n=5|p|=165, n=52026.0418.503PSPSO|p|=165, n=33|p|=165, n=332026.0419.358