ResearchBenchmarksGlobal Optimal Position Tracking on Environment Group E4Global Optimal Position Tracking on Environment Group E4Follow3.858Tracking ErrorDNNPSO3.24767.367811.48815.6082Apr 15, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksTracking ErrorDNNPSO|p|=5, n=-|p|=5, n=-2026.043.858SPSO|p|=165, n=5|p|=165, n=52026.044.932CNNPSO|p|=5, n=-|p|=5, n=-2026.045.471SPSO|p|=165, n=33|p|=165, n=332026.045.625PSO|p|=5, n=-|p|=5, n=-2026.047.995PSO|p|=165, n=-|p|=165, n=-2026.048.583PSPSO|p|=165, n=5|p|=165, n=52026.0416.739PSPSO|p|=165, n=33|p|=165, n=332026.0419.118