End-to-end Planning on nuScenes (open-loop)
0L2 Error (1s)AD-MLP
Evaluation Results
| Method | Links | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD-MLPPublication=arXiv 2023, Ego=true2026.04 | 0 | 0.32 | 0.59 | 0.35 | 0 | 0.27 | 0.85 | 0.37 | |
| EMMA+Publication=TMLR, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.13 | 0.27 | 0.48 | 0.29 | — | — | — | — | |
| ImpromptuVLAPublication=NeurIPS 2025, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.13 | 0.27 | 0.53 | 0.3 | — | — | — | — | |
| SOLVE-VLMPublication=CVPR 2025, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.13 | 0.25 | 0.47 | 0.28 | 0 | 0.16 | 0.43 | 0.2 | |
| FASIONADPublication=ICRA2026, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.45 | 0.28 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.09 | |
| RoboTron-DrivePublication=ICCV2025, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.14 | 0.3 | 0.57 | 0.33 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.63 | 0.26 | |
| OmniDrivePublication=CVPR 2025, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.55 | 0.33 | 0 | 0.13 | 0.78 | 0.3 | |
| EMMAPublication=TMLR, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.54 | 0.32 | — | — | — | — | |
| SOLVE-E2EPublication=CVPR 2025, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.5 | 0.31 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.68 | 0.3 | |
| ColaVLAPublication=CVPR2026, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.47 | 0.23 | |
| XEmbodied-FTPublication=-, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.45 | 0.28 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.55 | 0.22 | |
| DriveVLM-DualPublication=CoRL 2024, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.15 | 0.29 | 0.48 | 0.31 | — | — | — | — | |
| BEV-Planner++Publication=CVPR 2024, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.57 | 0.35 | 0 | 0.29 | 0.73 | 0.34 | |
| VAD-BasePublication=ICCV 2023, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.17 | 0.34 | 0.6 | 0.37 | 0.04 | 0.27 | 0.67 | 0.33 | |
| DriveVLMPublication=CoRL 2024, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.18 | 0.34 | 0.68 | 0.4 | — | — | — | — | |
| UniADPublication=CVPR 2023, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.2 | 0.42 | 0.75 | 0.46 | 0.02 | 0.25 | 0.84 | 0.37 | |
| Agent-DriverPublication=COLM2024, Ego=false2026.04 | 0.22 | 0.65 | 1.34 | 0.74 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.48 | 0.21 | |
| XEmbodied-FTPublication=-, Ego=false2026.04 | 0.26 | 0.6 | 1.08 | 0.64 | 0.1 | 0.49 | 1.84 | 0.81 | |
| BEV-PlannerPublication=CVPR 2024, Ego=-2026.04 | 0.3 | 0.52 | 0.83 | 0.55 | 0.1 | 0.37 | 1.3 | 0.59 | |
| GenADPublication=ECCV 2024, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.35 | 0.61 | 0.91 | 0.62 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.88 | 0.43 | |
| SparseDrivePublication=CVPR 2024, Ego=true2026.04 | 0.38 | 0.65 | 0.95 | 0.66 | 0.15 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.45 | |
| UniADPublication=CVPR 2023, Ego=-2026.04 | 0.59 | 1.01 | 1.48 | 1.03 | 0.16 | 0.51 | 1.64 | 0.77 | |
| VAD-BasePublication=ICCV 2023, Ego=-2026.04 | 0.69 | 1.22 | 1.83 | 1.25 | 0.06 | 0.68 | 2.52 | 1.09 | |
| Qwen3-VL-A3BPublication=-, Ego=false2026.04 | 4.39 | 6.88 | 9.44 | 6.91 | 3.61 | 8.17 | 15.8 | 9.19 |