ResearchBenchmarksEnd-to-end file transmission on 100 MB fileEnd-to-end file transmission on 100 MB fileFollow10.2Average Latency (h)Pepper-0.368870.9706142.31213.6494Jun 3, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksAverage Latency (h)PepperBatch messaging size (...Batch messaging size (t)=42026.0610.2PACLs2026.0616.68SpectrumResult estimation stat...Result estimation status=Estimated from logs2026.06274.42