ResearchBenchmarksEnd-to-end file transmission on 10 MB fileFollow1.79Average Latency (h)Pepper1.52563.31035.0956.8797Jun 3, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksAverage Latency (h)PepperBatch messaging size (...Batch messaging size (t)=42026.061.79PACLs2026.062.53Spectrum2026.068.4