ResearchBenchmarksEnd-to-end file transmission on 1 MB fileFollow11.42Average LatencyPepper9.904820.132430.3640.5876Jun 3, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksAverage LatencyPepperBatch messaging size (...Batch messaging size (t)=42026.0611.42PACLs2026.0615.12Spectrum2026.0649.3