ResearchBenchmarksDistributed black-box consensus optimization on F4Distributed black-box consensus optimization on F4Follow34.6Mean ResultDAPSO14.8419.9725.130.23May 1, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksMean ResultMedian ResultStd Dev ResultP-ValueDAPSO2026.0534.635.23.150RGF2026.052827.91.880.0001MASOIE2026.0524.224.20.9930.245LAC-MAS2026.0523.623.40.727—GFPDO2026.0515.615.60.3490.0006