ResearchBenchmarksTraining and Verification System Efficiency on Llama 3.1 8B (2048 samples)Training and Verification System Efficiency on Llama 3.1 8B (2048 samples)Follow62.8Training Time (s)Baseline60.7274.7688.8102.84Mar 8, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksTraining Time (s)Overhead (%)Storage (GB)Preparation Time (s)Verification Time (s)BaselineBlock Size=-Block Size=-2026.0362.8————AFTUNEBlock Size=BL = 4, BS...Block Size=BL = 4, BS = 162026.037418131.324.576.2AFTUNEBlock Size=BL = 4, BS = 8Block Size=BL = 4, BS = 82026.0376.121146.215.148.2AFTUNEBlock Size=BL = 2, BS = 4Block Size=BL = 2, BS = 42026.0385.7362017.321Step TEEBlock Size=-Block Size=-2026.03114.883333.3781