ResearchBenchmarksImage Classification on Fashion-MNIST alpha=0.5Follow6Communication RoundsSPARK2.7624.6346.568.37Dec 14, 2025Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksCommunication RoundsSPARKmomentum=truemomentum=true2025.126SPARKmomentum=falsemomentum=false2025.1214NTK-DFL2025.1215DFedAvg2025.1231DFedAvgM2025.1243DFedSAM2025.1245D-PSGD2025.1279DisPFL2025.1287