ResearchBenchmarksImage Classification on Fashion-MNIST alpha=0.1Follow6Communication RoundsSPARK1.2433.3765.597.63Dec 14, 2025Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksCommunication RoundsSPARKmomentum=truemomentum=true2025.126NTK-DFL2025.1218SPARKmomentum=falsemomentum=false2025.1218DFedAvg2025.1283DFedAvgM2025.1286D-PSGD2025.12125