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ResearchFormerly WizWand

Image Classification on CIFAR-10 (Proof Generation and Verification Time)

967.13Training + Proof Generation Time (s)PoL (Vanilla)
931.35041,172.86271,414.3751,655.8873May 18, 2025
Updated 6mo ago

Evaluation results

MethodLinks
PoL (Vanilla)Watermark size (bit)=512, Backbone=AlexNet2025.05967.13—4768.41
PoL (hash)Watermark size (bit)=512, Backbone=AlexNet2025.05970.93—7.8722.21
PoL (Vanilla)Watermark size (bit)=2048, Backbone=AlexNet2025.05975.33—4.88891.99
PoL (hash)Watermark size (bit)=2048, Backbone=AlexNet2025.05979.13—8.68895.79
PoLOWatermark size (bit)=2048, Backbone=AlexNet2025.05990.74—20.2983.37
PoLOWatermark size (bit)=512, Backbone=AlexNet2025.05993.12—29.99193.79
PoL (Vanilla)Watermark size (bit)=1024, Backbone=AlexNet2025.051,047.57—4.25887.03
PoL (hash)Watermark size (bit)=1024, Backbone=AlexNet2025.051,051.37—8.05890.83
PoLOWatermark size (bit)=1024, Backbone=AlexNet2025.051,066.78—23.46157.6
PoL (Vanilla)Watermark size (bit)=2048, Backbone=ResNet182025.051,603.47—5.11,530.55
PoL (hash)Watermark size (bit)=2048, Backbone=ResNet182025.051,604.67—6.31,531.75
PoLOWatermark size (bit)=2048, Backbone=ResNet182025.051,618.78—20.4175.96
PoL (Vanilla)Watermark size (bit)=512, Backbone=ResNet182025.051,756.94—2.271,541.18
PoL (hash)Watermark size (bit)=512, Backbone=ResNet182025.051,758.14—3.471,542.38
PoLOWatermark size (bit)=512, Backbone=ResNet182025.051,783.5—28.83213.85
PoL (Vanilla)Watermark size (bit)=1024, Backbone=ResNet182025.051,837.13—4.681,688.14
PoL (hash)Watermark size (bit)=1024, Backbone=ResNet182025.051,838.32—5.881,689.34
PoLOWatermark size (bit)=1024, Backbone=ResNet182025.051,861.62—29.17149.07
BaselineWatermark size (bit)=2048, Backbone=AlexNet2025.05—970.45——
BaselineWatermark size (bit)=2048, Backbone=ResNet182025.05—1,598.37——
BaselineWatermark size (bit)=1024, Backbone=AlexNet2025.05—1,043.32——
BaselineWatermark size (bit)=1024, Backbone=ResNet182025.05—1,832.45——
BaselineWatermark size (bit)=512, Backbone=AlexNet2025.05—963.13——
BaselineWatermark size (bit)=512, Backbone=ResNet182025.05—1,754.67——