Cross-view geo-localization on CVUSA
98.85Rank@1Ours
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oursgamma=0.52026.03 | 98.85 | 99.71 | 99.81 | 99.86 | |
| Geo2Polar Transformation=false2026.03 | 98.83 | 99.72 | 99.79 | 99.91 | |
| Ours2026.03 | 98.73 | 99.71 | 99.8 | 99.84 | |
| PanoBEVPolar Transformation=false2026.03 | 98.71 | 99.7 | 99.78 | 99.86 | |
| Sample4Geoalignment=north-aligned and center-aligned2026.03 | 98.7 | — | — | 99.9 | |
| Sample4GeoPolar transformation=false2023.03 | 98.68 | 99.68 | 99.78 | 99.87 | |
| Sample4G2026.03 | 98.68 | 99.68 | 99.78 | 99.87 | |
| Sample4GeoPolar Transformation=false2026.03 | 98.68 | 99.68 | 99.78 | 99.87 | |
| ConGeo2026.03 | 98.3 | — | — | 99.9 | |
| Sample4Geo‡GT ratio=100%, Hard negative sample sampling=false2024.03 | 97.83 | 99.63 | 99.75 | 99.89 | |
| EP-BEV2026.03 | 97.41 | 99.4 | 99.6 | 99.76 | |
| SinGeoalignment=north-aligned and center-aligned2026.03 | 97.3 | — | — | 99.9 | |
| SAIG-DPolar transformation=true2023.03 | 96.34 | 99.1 | 99.5 | 99.86 | |
| SAIG-DPolar Transformation=true2026.03 | 96.34 | 99.1 | 99.5 | 99.86 | |
| SAIG-Dalignment=north-aligned and center-aligned2026.03 | 96.3 | — | — | 99.9 | |
| SAIG-DPolar transformation=false2023.03 | 96.08 | 98.72 | 99.22 | 99.86 | |
| Feature InterpolationOrientation Protocol=known2023.07 | 95.5 | — | — | — | |
| GeoDTRPolar transformation=true2023.03 | 95.43 | 98.86 | 99.34 | 99.86 | |
| GeoDTRPolar transformation=true2026.03 | 95.43 | 98.86 | 99.34 | 99.86 | |
| GeoDTRPolar Transformation=true2026.03 | 95.43 | 98.86 | 99.34 | 99.86 | |
| GeoDTRalignment=north-aligned and center-aligned2026.03 | 95.4 | — | — | 99.9 | |
| Curve SmoothingOrientation Protocol=known2023.07 | 95.37 | — | — | — | |
| SEHBackbone=VGG16, Batch Size=120, Orientation Protocol=known2023.07 | 95.11 | — | — | — | |
| GeoDTR+2026.03 | 95.05 | 98.42 | 98.92 | 99.77 | |
| SEHBackbone=FCANet18, Batch Size=120, Orientation Protocol=known2023.07 | 95.04 | — | — | — | |
| Ours-base*GT ratio=10%, Encoder=ConvNeXt-Base, Fine-tuned on labeled images=true2024.03 | 94.88 | 98.8 | 99.36 | 99.77 | |
| SEHBackbone=VGG16, Batch Size=30, Orientation Protocol=known2023.07 | 94.46 | — | — | — | |
| DeHialignment=north-aligned and center-aligned2026.03 | 94.3 | — | — | 99.8 | |
| TransGeoalignment=north-aligned and center-aligned2026.03 | 94.1 | — | — | 99.8 | |
| TransGeoOrientation Protocol=known2023.07 | 94.08 | — | — | — | |
| TransGeoPolar transformation=false2023.03 | 94.08 | 98.36 | 99.04 | 99.77 | |
| TransGeoGT ratio=100%2024.03 | 94.08 | 98.36 | 99.04 | 99.77 | |
| TransGeo2026.03 | 94.08 | 98.36 | 99.04 | 99.77 | |
| TransGeoPolar Transformation=false2026.03 | 94.08 | 98.36 | 99.04 | 99.77 | |
| L2LTROrientation Protocol=known2023.07 | 94.05 | — | — | — | |
| GeoDTRPolar transformation=false2023.03 | 93.76 | 98.47 | 99.22 | 99.85 | |
| GeoDTRGT ratio=100%2024.03 | 93.76 | 98.47 | 99.22 | 99.85 | |
| GeoDTRPolar transformation=false2026.03 | 93.76 | 98.47 | 99.22 | 99.85 | |
| GeoDTRPolar Transformation=false2026.03 | 93.76 | 98.47 | 99.22 | 99.85 | |
| DSMOrientation Protocol=known2023.07 | 93.57 | — | — | — | |
| Ours-smallGT ratio=100%, Encoder=ConvNeXt-Small2024.03 | 93.53 | 98.42 | 99.18 | 99.77 | |
| SAFA + LPNBackbone=VGG162020.08 | 92.83 | 98 | 98.85 | 99.78 | |
| LPN-SAFAOrientation Protocol=known2023.07 | 92.83 | — | — | — | |
| LPNPolar transformation=true2026.03 | 92.83 | 98 | 98.85 | 99.78 | |
| GAN-SAFAOrientation Protocol=known2023.07 | 92.56 | — | — | — | |
| Ours-baseGT ratio=0%, Encoder=ConvNeXt-Base2024.03 | 92.56 | 97.67 | 98.55 | 99.61 | |
| DSMalignment=north-aligned and center-aligned2026.03 | 92 | — | — | 99.7 | |
| L2LTRGT ratio=100%2024.03 | 91.99 | 97.68 | 98.65 | 99.75 | |
| DSM+GT ratio=100%2024.03 | 91.96 | 97.5 | 98.54 | 99.67 | |
| DSM2026.03 | 91.96 | 97.5 | 98.54 | 99.67 | |
| SSANETOrientation Protocol=known2023.07 | 91.52 | — | — | — | |
| SAFABackbone=VGG162020.08 | 89.84 | 96.93 | 98.14 | 99.64 | |
| SAFAOrientation Protocol=known2023.07 | 89.84 | — | — | — | |
| SAFAPolar transformation=true2023.03 | 89.84 | 96.93 | 98.14 | 99.64 | |
| SAFA†GT ratio=100%, Polar transform=true2024.03 | 89.84 | 96.93 | 98.14 | 99.64 | |
| SAFAPolar transformation=true2026.03 | 89.84 | 96.93 | 98.14 | 99.64 | |
| SAFAPolar Transformation=true2026.03 | 89.84 | 96.93 | 98.14 | 99.64 | |
| Ours-smallGT ratio=0%, Encoder=ConvNeXt-Small2024.03 | 87.9 | 95.86 | 97.51 | 99.63 | |
| LPNBackbone=ResNet-502020.08 | 85.79 | 95.38 | 96.98 | 99.41 | |
| LPNPolar transformation=false2023.03 | 85.79 | 95.38 | 96.98 | 99.41 | |
| LPNPolar transformation=false2026.03 | 85.79 | 95.38 | 96.98 | 99.41 | |
| LPNPolar Transformation=false2026.03 | 85.79 | 95.38 | 96.98 | 99.41 | |
| Feature InterpolationOrientation Protocol=unknown2023.07 | 85.45 | — | — | — | |
| Curve SmoothingOrientation Protocol=unknown2023.07 | 85.39 | — | — | — | |
| SEHBackbone=FCANet18, Batch Size=120, Orientation Protocol=unknown2023.07 | 85.37 | — | — | — | |
| SEHBackbone=VGG16, Batch Size=120, Orientation Protocol=unknown2023.07 | 85.36 | — | — | — | |
| SAFAGT ratio=100%2024.03 | 81.15 | 94.23 | 96.85 | 99.49 | |
| DSMOrientation Protocol=unknown2023.07 | 80.75 | — | — | — | |
| LPNBackbone=VGG162020.08 | 79.69 | 91.7 | 94.55 | 98.5 | |
| CVFT + LPNBackbone=VGG162020.08 | 68.2 | 88 | 92.69 | 99.3 | |
| CVFTBackbone=VGG162020.08 | 61.43 | 84.69 | 90.94 | 99.02 | |
| CVFTOrientation Protocol=known2023.07 | 61.43 | — | — | — | |
| TransGeoField of View (FoV)=180°, Orientation=unknown2022.03 | 58.22 | 81.33 | 87.66 | 98.13 | |
| RegmiBackbone=X-Fork2020.08 | 48.75 | — | 81.27 | 95.98 | |
| DSMField of View (FoV)=180°, Orientation=unknown2022.03 | 48.53 | 68.47 | 75.63 | 93.02 | |
| ZhengBackbone=VGG162020.08 | 43.91 | 66.38 | 74.58 | 91.78 | |
| Liu & LiOrientation Protocol=known2023.07 | 40.79 | — | — | — | |
| LiuGT ratio=100%, Polar transform=true2024.03 | 40.79 | 66.82 | 76.36 | 96.12 | |
| TransGeoField of View (FoV)=90°, Orientation=unknown2022.03 | 30.12 | 54.18 | 63.96 | 89.18 | |
| OrientationBackbone=VGG16, Extra Orientation Information=true2020.08 | 27.15 | 54.66 | 67.54 | 93.91 | |
| CVM-NETOrientation Protocol=known2023.07 | 22.47 | — | — | — | |
| CVM-NETGT ratio=100%2024.03 | 22.47 | 49.98 | 63.18 | 93.62 | |
| CVM-NetBackbone=VGG162020.08 | 18.8 | 44.42 | 57.47 | 91.54 | |
| DSMField of View (FoV)=90°, Orientation=unknown2022.03 | 16.19 | 31.44 | 39.85 | 71.13 | |
| MCVPlacesBackbone=AlexNet2020.08 | — | — | — | 34.4 | |
| Siam-FCANetBackbone=ResNet-342020.08 | — | — | — | 98.3 | |
| VoBackbone=AlexNet2020.08 | — | — | — | 63.7 | |
| ZhaiBackbone=VGG162020.08 | — | — | — | 43.2 |