ResearchBenchmarksAirspace Risk Estimation on Washington D.C. Airspace Multiple site ADS-B traffic data (975 cases)Airspace Risk Estimation on Washington D.C. Airspace Multiple site ADS-B traffic data (975 cases)Follow0Min RiskSearch-0.001-0.000500.0005Feb 6, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksMin RiskMax RiskMean RiskMedian RiskRisk Std. Dev.SearchDensity (κ̄)=1, # Solu...Density (κ̄)=1, # Solutions=9752026.02049.263.930.137.76DubinsDensity (κ̄)=1, # Solu...Density (κ̄)=1, # Solutions=9752026.02088.938.130.73815.05SearchDensity (κ̄)=0.014, #...Density (κ̄)=0.014, # Solutions=9752026.0203,518.87280.639.44554.16DubinsDensity (κ̄)=0.014, #...Density (κ̄)=0.014, # Solutions=9752026.0206,352.14580.8352.6981,074.97