Time Series Imputation on ETTm2
0.003MSEMSTN-Transformer
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSTN-TransformerMask R.=12.5%2025.11 | 0.003 | 0.013 | — | |
| MSTN-BiLSTMMask R.=12.5%2025.11 | 0.004 | 0.014 | — | |
| MSTN-TransformerMask R.=Avg2025.11 | 0.009 | 0.035 | — | |
| MSTN-BiLSTMMask R.=Avg2025.11 | 0.011 | 0.037 | — | |
| Bridge-TS-2Ratio=12.5%2025.12 | 0.015 | 0.071 | — | |
| Non-stationaryRatio=12.5%2025.12 | 0.016 | 0.072 | — | |
| Bridge-TS-2Ratio=25.0%2025.12 | 0.017 | 0.077 | — | |
| T1Point Missing Ratio=Avg2026.02 | 0.017 | 0.07 | — | |
| T1Scenario=Point missing, Missing Ratios=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 (avg), Sequence Length=962026.02 | 0.017 | 0.07 | — | |
| TimesNetRatio=12.5%2025.12 | 0.018 | 0.077 | — | |
| Non-stationaryRatio=25.0%2025.12 | 0.018 | 0.077 | — | |
| TimesNetRatio=25.0%2025.12 | 0.019 | 0.083 | — | |
| Bridge-TS-2Ratio=37.5%2025.12 | 0.02 | 0.083 | — | |
| Non-stationaryRatio=37.5%2025.12 | 0.02 | 0.084 | — | |
| GPT4TSMask Ratio=Avg2024.11 | 0.021 | 0.084 | — | |
| HiSNOTMissing ratios=0.5 and 0.72026.02 | 0.021 | 0.089 | — | |
| PSW-IPoint Missing Ratio=Avg2026.02 | 0.021 | 0.094 | — | |
| PSW-IScenario=Point missing, Missing Ratios=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 (avg), Sequence Length=962026.02 | 0.021 | 0.094 | — | |
| GPT2(3)Number of Layers=3, Sequence Length=96, Mask Ratios=12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%2023.02 | 0.021 | 0.084 | — | |
| TimesNetMask Ratio=Avg2024.11 | 0.022 | 0.088 | — | |
| TimesNetRatio=37.5%2025.12 | 0.022 | 0.09 | — | |
| TimesNetSequence Length=96, Mask Ratios=12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%2023.02 | 0.022 | 0.088 | — | |
| Bridge-TS-2Ratio=50.0%2025.12 | 0.023 | 0.09 | — | |
| Non-stationaryRatio=50.0%2025.12 | 0.023 | 0.09 | — | |
| TSPulseMasking Strategy=Hybrid, Evaluation Protocol=Finetuned2025.05 | 0.023 | — | — | |
| TimesNetRatio=50.0%2025.12 | 0.024 | 0.095 | — | |
| PatchTSTScenario=Point missing, Missing Ratios=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 (avg), Sequence Length=962026.02 | 0.024 | 0.089 | — | |
| TimeMixer++Publication Year=20252025.08 | 0.024 | 0.135 | — | |
| Peri-midFormerMask Ratio=Avg2024.11 | 0.025 | 0.087 | — | |
| PWS-IMissing ratios=0.5 and 0.72026.02 | 0.025 | 0.103 | — | |
| Non-stationary TransformerMask Ratio=Avg2024.11 | 0.026 | 0.099 | — | |
| ModernTCNScenario=Point missing, Missing Ratios=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 (avg), Sequence Length=962026.02 | 0.026 | 0.098 | — | |
| StationarySequence Length=96, Mask Ratios=12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%2023.02 | 0.026 | 0.099 | — | |
| StationaryMask R.=Avg2025.11 | 0.026 | 0.099 | — | |
| TimesNetScenario=Point missing, Missing Ratios=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 (avg), Sequence Length=962026.02 | 0.027 | 0.1 | — | |
| ZEUSProtocol=Zero-shot, Masking Strategy=Random2026.07 | 0.027 | 0.084 | — | |
| PatchTSTMask Ratio=Avg2024.11 | 0.029 | 0.102 | — | |
| PatchTSTSequence Length=96, Mask Ratios=12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%2023.02 | 0.029 | 0.102 | — | |
| AutoformerSequence Length=96, Mask Ratios=12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%2023.02 | 0.029 | 0.105 | — | |
| MAS4TSMasking Ratio=Average (12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%), Publication Year=20242026.02 | 0.03 | 0.103 | — | |
| TimeMixer++Scenario=Point missing, Missing Ratios=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 (avg), Sequence Length=962026.02 | 0.03 | 0.099 | — | |
| TSPulseMasking Strategy=Block, Evaluation Protocol=Finetuned2025.05 | 0.03 | — | — | |
| iTransformerScenario=Point missing, Missing Ratios=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 (avg), Sequence Length=962026.02 | 0.032 | 0.111 | — | |
| ModernTCNProtocol=Supervised, Masking Strategy=Random2026.07 | 0.032 | 0.114 | — | |
| TimesNetProtocol=Supervised, Masking Strategy=Random2026.07 | 0.032 | 0.114 | — | |
| PatchTSTMissing ratios=0.5 and 0.72026.02 | 0.033 | 0.122 | — | |
| HGTS-FormerSequence Length=1024, Masking Ratios=12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50% (Average)2025.08 | 0.034 | 0.112 | — | |
| GPT4TSProtocol=Supervised, Masking Strategy=Random2026.07 | 0.034 | 0.119 | — | |
| CSDIScenario=Point missing, Missing Ratios=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 (avg), Sequence Length=962026.02 | 0.035 | 0.087 | — | |
| TimesNetPublication Year=20232025.08 | 0.035 | 0.124 | — | |
| ZEUSProtocol=Zero-shot, Masking Strategy=Block2026.07 | 0.035 | 0.099 | — | |
| PatchTSTProtocol=Supervised, Masking Strategy=Random2026.07 | 0.035 | 0.115 | — | |
| TSPulseMasking Strategy=Hybrid, Evaluation Protocol=Zero-shot2025.05 | 0.037 | — | — | |
| Linear InterpolationMasking Strategy=Hybrid, Evaluation Protocol=Statistical2025.05 | 0.039 | — | — | |
| FreTSMissing ratios=0.5 and 0.72026.02 | 0.04 | 0.136 | — | |
| DLinearScenario=Point missing, Missing Ratios=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 (avg), Sequence Length=962026.02 | 0.04 | 0.128 | — | |
| TimesNetMasking Strategy=Hybrid, Evaluation Protocol=Supervised2025.05 | 0.04 | — | — | |
| Non-Stationary TransformerMasking Strategy=Hybrid, Evaluation Protocol=Supervised2025.05 | 0.041 | — | — | |
| iTransformerMissing ratios=0.5 and 0.72026.02 | 0.043 | 0.142 | — | |
| TimesNetProtocol=Supervised, Masking Strategy=Block2026.07 | 0.045 | 0.138 | — | |
| LightTSMasking Ratio=Average (12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%), Publication Year=20222026.02 | 0.046 | 0.151 | — | |
| LightTSSequence Length=96, Mask Ratios=12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%2023.02 | 0.046 | 0.151 | — | |
| ModernTCNProtocol=Supervised, Masking Strategy=Block2026.07 | 0.046 | 0.141 | — | |
| GPT4TSProtocol=Supervised, Masking Strategy=Block2026.07 | 0.048 | 0.145 | — | |
| Non-Stationary TransformerMasking Strategy=Block, Evaluation Protocol=Supervised2025.05 | 0.052 | — | — | |
| PatchTSTProtocol=Supervised, Masking Strategy=Block2026.07 | 0.052 | 0.143 | — | |
| TSPulseMasking Strategy=Block, Evaluation Protocol=Zero-shot2025.05 | 0.054 | — | — | |
| iTransformerPublication Year=20232025.08 | 0.055 | 0.169 | — | |
| TransformerMissing ratios=0.5 and 0.72026.02 | 0.056 | 0.161 | — | |
| SAITSMissing ratios=0.5 and 0.72026.02 | 0.059 | 0.16 | — | |
| FEDformerRatio=12.5%2025.12 | 0.06 | 0.167 | — | |
| TimesNetMasking Strategy=Block, Evaluation Protocol=Supervised2025.05 | 0.06 | — | — | |
| TimeMixerPublication Year=2024b2025.08 | 0.061 | 0.166 | — | |
| Linear InterpolationMasking Strategy=Block, Evaluation Protocol=Statistical2025.05 | 0.062 | — | — | |
| DlinearRatio=12.5%2025.12 | 0.07 | 0.172 | — | |
| NaiveMasking Strategy=Hybrid, Evaluation Protocol=Statistical2025.05 | 0.07 | — | — | |
| PatchTSTPublication Year=20232025.08 | 0.08 | 0.183 | — | |
| MOMENTMasking Strategy=Block, Evaluation Protocol=Zero-shot2025.05 | 0.082 | — | — | |
| SCINetMissing ratios=0.5 and 0.72026.02 | 0.085 | 0.211 | — | |
| FEDformerPublication Year=2022b2025.08 | 0.087 | 0.198 | — | |
| DLinearPublication Year=20232025.08 | 0.088 | 0.198 | — | |
| FEDformerRatio=25.0%2025.12 | 0.09 | 0.206 | — | |
| DlinearRatio=25.0%2025.12 | 0.0925 | 0.203 | — | |
| TimesNetMissing ratios=0.5 and 0.72026.02 | 0.093 | 0.22 | — | |
| DLinearMasking Ratio=Average (12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%), Publication Year=20232026.02 | 0.096 | 0.208 | — | |
| DLinearSequence Length=96, Mask Ratios=12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%2023.02 | 0.096 | 0.208 | — | |
| FEDformerMasking Ratio=Average (12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%), Publication Year=20222026.02 | 0.101 | 0.215 | — | |
| FEDformerSequence Length=96, Mask Ratios=12.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%2023.02 | 0.101 | 0.215 | — | |
| DLinearProtocol=Supervised, Masking Strategy=Random2026.07 | 0.102 | 0.214 | — | |
| SAITSScenario=Point missing, Missing Ratios=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 (avg), Sequence Length=962026.02 | 0.103 | 0.201 | — | |
| MOMENTProtocol=Zero-shot, Masking Strategy=Random2026.07 | 0.103 | 0.214 | — | |
| DLinearMissing ratios=0.5 and 0.72026.02 | 0.107 | 0.227 | — | |
| MICNPublication Year=2023a2025.08 | 0.109 | 0.221 | — | |
| CrossformerPublication Year=20232025.08 | 0.111 | 0.219 | — | |
| iTransformerRatio=12.5%2025.12 | 0.113 | 0.224 | — | |
| NaiveMasking Strategy=Block, Evaluation Protocol=Statistical2025.05 | 0.113 | — | — | |
| DlinearRatio=37.5%2025.12 | 0.114 | 0.227 | — | |
| UniTSMasking Strategy=Hybrid, Evaluation Protocol=Prompt-Tuned2025.05 | 0.122 | — | — | |
| MOMENTProtocol=Zero-shot, Masking Strategy=Block2026.07 | 0.125 | 0.233 | — | |
| TimerProtocol=Zero-shot, Masking Strategy=Random2026.07 | 0.125 | 0.239 | — |