ResearchBenchmarksSolving advection-reaction equations on 1D advection–reaction problemSolving advection-reaction equations on 1D advection–reaction problemFollow1.077RMSEPINN1.03261.33231.6321.9317Aug 12, 2025Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksRMSEMSEMAERelative L2 ErrorMax ErrorPINNTraining time (seconds...Training time (seconds)=756.4602025.081.0771.161.051.2362.661LNN–PINNTraining time (seconds...Training time (seconds)=332.4562025.081.1561.3379.9821.3271.975RA–PINNTraining time (seconds...Training time (seconds)=189.0412025.082.1544.6381.7752.4721.665XPINNTraining time (seconds...Training time (seconds)=313.4012025.082.1874.7838.5622.514.816