ResearchBenchmarksPlastic response prediction on 2D plastic plane-strain footing (Load Step 4)Plastic response prediction on 2D plastic plane-strain footing (Load Step 4)Follow0.031L2 Error (ux)FHGNN0.026320.057910.08950.12109Feb 7, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksL2 Error (ux)L2 Error (uy)MAE (ep)FHGNNTime(s)=43Time(s)=432026.020.0310.00980.0005PINNTime(s)=351Time(s)=3512026.020.1480.1740.0035