ResearchBenchmarksPlastic response prediction on 2D plastic plane-strain footing (Load Step 3)Plastic response prediction on 2D plastic plane-strain footing (Load Step 3)Follow0.0274L2 Error (ux)FHGNN-0.0419040.4258980.89371.361502Feb 7, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksL2 Error (ux)L2 Error (uy)MAE (ep)FHGNNTime(s)=31Time(s)=312026.020.02740.00810.0005PINNTime(s)=352Time(s)=3522026.021.760.6120.0035