ResearchBenchmarksPlastic response prediction on 2D plastic plane-strain footing (Load Step 1)Plastic response prediction on 2D plastic plane-strain footing (Load Step 1)Follow0.0038L2 Error (ux)FHGNN0.0015780.0165110.0314450.046379Feb 7, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksL2 Error (ux)L2 Error (uy)MAE (ep)FHGNNTime(s)=36Time(s)=362026.020.00380.0010PINNTime(s)=402Time(s)=4022026.020.05910.01040.0009