ResearchBenchmarksOptimal Power Flow on PGLearn 57-IEEE (test)Optimal Power Flow on PGLearn 57-IEEE (test)Follow0Avg Constraint Violation Sij(+) (x10^-4 p.u.)FNN-0.001-0.000500.0005Oct 8, 2025Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksAvg Constraint Violation Sij(+) (x10^-4 p.u.)Avg Constraint Violation Sji(-) (x10^-4 p.u.)Avg Constraint Violation Pb (x10^-4 p.u.)Avg Constraint Violation Qb (x10^-4 p.u.)Max Constraint Violation Sij(+) (p.u.)Max Constraint Violation Sji(-) (p.u.)Max Constraint Violation Pb (p.u.)Max Constraint Violation Qb (p.u.)Optimality Gap (%)FNN2025.10000.0520010.678CNN2025.100030.43000.850.522GCN2025.1000215003.581.4699HH-MPNN2025.10002.850.7002.570.6815