ResearchBenchmarksOptimal Power Flow on PGLearn 30-IEEE (test)Follow0.25Avg Constraint Violation Sij(+) (x10^-4 p.u.)CNN-7.2643.432594.125144.8175Oct 8, 2025Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksAvg Constraint Violation Sij(+) (x10^-4 p.u.)Avg Constraint Violation Sji(-) (x10^-4 p.u.)Avg Constraint Violation Pb (x10^-4 p.u.)Avg Constraint Violation Qb (x10^-4 p.u.)Max Constraint Violation Sij(+) (p.u.)Max Constraint Violation Sji(-) (p.u.)Max Constraint Violation Pb (p.u.)Max Constraint Violation Qb (p.u.)Optimality Gap (%)CNN2025.100.250.070.0410.080.060.380.180.01FNN2025.101050.30.10.10.490.221.81HH-MPNN2025.103.440.30.3620.090.060.630.270.14GCN2025.1018818618270.790.781.811.177.28