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Multi-image Reasoning on MIRB

63.57AccuracyQwen2.5-VL
17.352429.351241.3553.3488Mar 18, 2025May 16, 2025Jul 14, 2025Sep 11, 2025Nov 9, 2025Jan 7, 2026Mar 7, 2026

Evaluation results

MethodLinks
Qwen2.5-VLModel Size=7B, Method Variant=Baseline2026.0263.57—
DelimScalingBackbone=Qwen2.5-VL, Model Size=7B2026.0263.05—
Qwen2VL-7BModel Size=7B2026.0160.8—
CcDPOModel Category=Multi-image/Video Enhancing MLLMs, Parameter Scale=7B2026.0160.7—
LLaVA-NeXTSOFA=true2025.0360.67—
VISCModel Category=Multi-image/Video Enhancing MLLMs, Parameter Scale=7B2026.0160.2—
GLM4.1VBase + CAPLParams=9B2026.0360.06—
GLM4.1VBaseParams=9B2026.0359.96—
InternVL2-Llama3-76BModel Size=76B, Backbone=Llama32026.0158.2—
DelimScalingBackbone=InternVL3, Model Size=14B2026.0257.59—
DelimScalingBackbone=Qwen2.5-VL, Model Size=3B2026.0257.38—
LLaVA-NeXTSOFA=false2025.0357.15—
Qwen2.5-VL + CAPLParams=7B2026.0356.55—
InternVL2.5 + CAPLParams=8B2026.0356.55—
Qwen2.5-VLModel Size=3B, Method Variant=Baseline2026.0256.45—
InternVL3Model Size=14B, Method Variant=Baseline2026.0256.45—
Two-stage RL (Ours)Model Category=Multi-image/Video Enhancing MLLMs, Training Strategy=Two-stage RL (DPS and annealing)2026.0155.7—
MantisSOFA=true2025.0355.68—
DelimScalingBackbone=Qwen2.5-VL, Model Size=32B2026.0255.21—
DAPO (Ours)Model Category=Multi-image/Video Enhancing MLLMs, Training Strategy=DAPO2026.0155.2—
Qwen2.5-VLModel Size=32B, Method Variant=Baseline2026.0254.9—
MantisSOFA=false2025.0354.59—
DPS (Ours)Model Category=Multi-image/Video Enhancing MLLMs, Training Strategy=DPS2026.0154.4—
InternVL2.5Params=8B2026.0354.18—
InternVL2Params=7B2026.0353.15—
GPT-4VModel Size=Proprietary2026.0153.1—
Qwen2.5-VLParams=7B2026.0352.73—
DelimScalingBackbone=InternVL3, Model Size=8B2026.0252.63—
InternVL2.5Model Category=Open-Source General MLLMs, Parameter Scale=8B2026.0152.5—
InternVL3Model Size=8B, Method Variant=Baseline2026.0252.32—
Qwen2.5-VL + FOCUSModel Size=≥7B2025.0852.3—
LLaVA-OneVisionModel Category=Open-Source General MLLMs, Parameter Scale=7B2026.0151.2—
VILASOFA=true2025.0351.15—
Ours (masked) (LLaVA-OV-7B)Model Size=7B, Backbone=LLaVA-OV, Attention Masking=True2026.0151—
Qwen2.5-VLModel Size=≥7B2025.0850.53—
VILASOFA=false2025.0350.36—
Qwen2.5-VL + FOCUSModel Size=<7B2025.0850—
Qwen2.5-VLModel Size=<7B2025.0849.27—
LLaVA-OV + FOCUSModel Size=≥7B2025.0848.85—
Idefics2SOFA=true2025.0348.83—
InternVL2-8BModel Size=8B2026.0148.6—
Qwen2.5-VLModel Category=Open-Source General MLLMs, Parameter Scale=7B2026.0148.3—
DelimScalingBackbone=LLaVA-OV, Model Size=7B2026.0248.19—
LLaVA-OVModel Size=≥7B2025.0848.02—
LLaVA-OVModel Size=7B, Method Variant=Baseline2026.0247.88—
Avg + FOCUSModel Size=≥7B2025.0847.88—
LLaVA-OVParams=7B2026.0347.3—
LLaVA-OV-7BModel Size=7B2026.0147.2—
DelimScalingBackbone=InternVL3, Model Size=2B2026.0246.96—
AvgModel Size=≥7B2025.0846.8—
VideoRFTModel Category=Multi-image/Video Enhancing MLLMs, Parameter Scale=7B2026.0146.7—
Idefics2SOFA=false2025.0346.58—
InternVL2SOFA=true2025.0346.19—
Qwen2VL-2BModel Size=2B2026.0145.9—
InternVL3Model Size=2B, Method Variant=Baseline2026.0244.38—
InternVL2SOFA=false2025.0342.66—
InternVL3 + FOCUSModel Size=≥7B2025.0842.48—
InternVL3Model Size=≥7B2025.0841.86—
mPLUG-Owl3Model Category=Multi-image/Video Enhancing MLLMs, Parameter Scale=8B2026.0141.2—
DelimScalingBackbone=InternVL3, Model Size=1B2026.0240.25—
LLaVA-NeXT-InterleaveModel Category=Multi-image/Video Enhancing MLLMs, Parameter Scale=7B2026.0139.3—
InternVL3Model Size=1B, Method Variant=Baseline2026.0238.49—
LLaVA-OV-1.5BModel Size=1.5B2026.0137.7—
Idefics2Params=8B2026.0337.56—
VILA1.5Model Category=Open-Source General MLLMs, Parameter Scale=8B2026.0136.5—
Ours (LLaVA-OV-1.5B)Model Size=1.5B, Backbone=LLaVA-OV, Attention Masking=False2026.0136—
Avg + FOCUSModel Size=<7B2025.0834.83—
Mantis-Idefics2Model Category=Multi-image/Video Enhancing MLLMs, Parameter Scale=8B2026.0134.8—
AvgModel Size=<7B2025.0834.38—
Ours (LLaVA-OV-0.5B)Model Size=0.5B, Backbone=LLaVA-OV, Attention Masking=False2026.0132.8—
InternVL3 + FOCUSModel Size=<7B2025.0832.36—
DelimScalingBackbone=LLaVA-OV, Model Size=0.5B2026.0232.3—
LLaVA-OV-0.5BModel Size=0.5B2026.0131.8—
LLaVA-OVModel Size=0.5B, Method Variant=Baseline2026.0231.79—
Qwen2VLParams=7B2026.0331.68—
InternVL3Model Size=<7B2025.0831.32—
Ours (masked) (LLaVA-OV-1.5B)Model Size=1.5B, Backbone=LLaVA-OV, Attention Masking=True2026.0130.6—
LLaVA 1.6Model Category=Open-Source General MLLMs, Parameter Scale=7B2026.0129.8—
OpenFlamingo-v2Model Category=Open-Source General MLLMs, Parameter Scale=9B2026.0128.8—
LLaVA-v1.5-7BModel Size=7B2026.0128.5—
Ours (masked) (LLaVA-OV-0.5B)Model Size=0.5B, Backbone=LLaVA-OV, Attention Masking=True2026.0128.5—
InternVL2-2BModel Size=2B2026.0125—
TW-GRPOModel Category=Multi-image/Video Enhancing MLLMs, Parameter Scale=7B2026.0124.3—
LLaVA-OVModel Size=<7B2025.0822.55—
LLaVA-OV + FOCUSModel Size=<7B2025.0822.13—
Random Guessing2025.0319.13—
GPT-4VModel Name=GPT-4V2024.12—53.1
InternVL-Chat-V1.5Model Name=InternVL-Chat-V1.52024.12—50.3
InternVL2-1BModel Name=InternVL2-1B2024.12—31.5
InternVL2-26BModel Name=InternVL2-26B2024.12—53.7
InternVL2-2BModel Name=InternVL2-2B2024.12—32.1
InternVL2-40BModel Name=InternVL2-40B2024.12—55.2
InternVL2-4BModel Name=InternVL2-4B2024.12—39.9
InternVL2-8BModel Name=InternVL2-8B2024.12—50
InternVL2-Llama3-76BModel Name=InternVL2-Llama3-76B2024.12—58.2
InternVL2.5-1BModel Name=InternVL2.5-1B2024.12—35.6
InternVL2.5-26BModel Name=InternVL2.5-26B2024.12—55.7
InternVL2.5-2BModel Name=InternVL2.5-2B2024.12—36.4
InternVL2.5-38BModel Name=InternVL2.5-38B2024.12—61.2
InternVL2.5-4BModel Name=InternVL2.5-4B2024.12—51.7