ResearchBenchmarksMixed-Variable Optimization on CSDFollow1.08Absolute Error (AE)DEmv1.05361.23181.411.5882Mar 25, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksAbsolute Error (AE)DEmv2026.031.08PSOmv2026.031.13FAmvH2026.031.18FAmvG2026.031.18GA2026.031.74