ResearchBenchmarksMixed-Variable Optimization on BEAM design problemFollow0.49Absolute Error (AE)FAmvH0.46520.63260.80.9674Mar 25, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksAbsolute Error (AE)FAmvH2026.030.49DEmv2026.030.51FAmvG2026.030.51PSOmv2026.030.85GA2026.031.11