ResearchBenchmarksMaxwell equation reconstruction on PlaneWave Maxwell 4D (val)Maxwell equation reconstruction on PlaneWave Maxwell 4D (val)Follow48.07Validation ErrorQPINN45.98660.05374.1288.187May 19, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksValidation ErrorResidual ErrorCompute Time (s)QPINNBC=Yes, Device=A100BC=Yes, Device=A1002026.0548.079.16348.55QPINNBC=No, Device=A100BC=No, Device=A1002026.0596.068.3837.26Evo-PINNBC=No, Device=CPUBC=No, Device=CPU2026.0599.11.6146.29Evo-PINNBC=Yes, Device=CPUBC=Yes, Device=CPU2026.05100.177.735.87