Image Geolocalization on Im2GPS3k
67.1Success Rate @ 200 kmGeoSearch
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GeoSearchIntegration=GeoRanker, Retrieval Database=OSV-5M2026.04 | 67.1 | 23.56 | — | — | 55.06 | — | — | 79.81 | 89.59 | |
| GeoSearchIntegration=Img2Loc, Retrieval Database=OSV-5M2026.04 | 66.97 | 23.56 | — | — | 55.02 | — | — | 79.75 | 89.32 | |
| GeoSearchIntegration=G3, Retrieval Database=OSV-5M2026.04 | 66.87 | 23.49 | — | — | 54.92 | — | — | 79.58 | 89.42 | |
| Pinpoint2026.06 | 63.5 | 20.5 | — | — | 47.4 | — | — | 79 | 90.2 | |
| Geo-ADAPT-8BBackbone=Qwen3-VL-8B, Parameters=8B2026.03 | 62.6 | 17.9 | — | — | 45.3 | — | — | 77.9 | 89.5 | |
| GeoRanker2026.06 | 61.5 | 18.8 | — | — | 45 | — | — | 76.3 | 89.3 | |
| GeoRanker2026.03 | 60.4 | 18.7 | — | — | 45.8 | — | — | 76.6 | 88.7 | |
| VLM-Guided Visual Place RecognitionBackbone=EigenPlaces, Submaps=Cluster-based, Re-ranking=GPT-4v2025.07 | 59.79 | 18.62 | — | — | 45.65 | — | — | 73.71 | 85.95 | |
| HierLoc2026.06 | 58.4 | 11.3 | — | — | 43.8 | — | — | 74.1 | 85.1 | |
| Geo-R2026.04 | 58.31 | 18.1 | — | — | 41.53 | — | — | 75.33 | 86.42 | |
| GLOBE2026.06 | 56.2 | 9.9 | — | — | 40.2 | — | — | 71.5 | 82.4 | |
| GLOBE2026.04 | 56.19 | 9.84 | — | — | 40.18 | — | — | 71.45 | 82.38 | |
| G32026.06 | 55.6 | 16.7 | — | — | 40.9 | — | — | 71.2 | 84.7 | |
| G32026.03 | 55.1 | 15.4 | — | — | 42.1 | — | — | 71.8 | 83.9 | |
| GeoRankerRetrieval Database=OSV-5M2026.04 | 54.79 | 10.08 | — | — | 36.5 | — | — | 72.87 | 86.65 | |
| PIGEON2026.03 | 54.3 | 12.3 | — | — | 36.5 | — | — | 71.8 | 86.1 | |
| PIGEON2026.04 | 53.8 | 11.3 | — | — | 36.7 | — | — | 72.4 | 85.3 | |
| PIGEOTTO2026.06 | 53.8 | 11.3 | — | — | 36.7 | — | — | 72.4 | 85.3 | |
| GeoBayes2026.04 | 53.6 | 6.3 | — | — | 34.7 | — | — | 73.7 | 85.9 | |
| Img2Loc2026.06 | 53.6 | 15.3 | — | — | 39.8 | — | — | 69.7 | 82.8 | |
| Img2LocRetrieval Database=OSV-5M2026.04 | 52.75 | 12.89 | — | — | 37.96 | — | — | 67.61 | 79.17 | |
| PIGETTO2025.07 | 52.4 | 10.9 | — | — | 35.8 | — | — | 70.7 | 84.4 | |
| IMG2Loc2026.03 | 52.3 | 14.9 | — | — | 40.7 | — | — | 70 | 82.7 | |
| GRE2026.03 | 52 | 13 | — | — | 34.4 | — | — | 69.6 | 86.1 | |
| GeoCLIP2026.03 | 51.4 | 14.3 | — | — | 34 | — | — | 68.7 | 83.9 | |
| GeoCLIP2026.06 | 50.7 | 14.1 | — | — | 34.5 | — | — | 69.7 | 83.8 | |
| GeoCLIP2026.04 | 50.65 | 14.11 | — | — | 34.47 | — | — | 69.67 | 83.82 | |
| GeoCLIP2025.07 | 50.65 | 14.11 | — | — | 34.47 | — | — | 69.67 | 83.82 | |
| G3Retrieval Database=OSV-5M2026.04 | 50.45 | 13.51 | — | — | 36.27 | — | — | 67.03 | 81.92 | |
| Translocator2026.03 | 47.6 | 12.1 | — | — | 30.5 | — | — | 57.7 | 80.5 | |
| Translocator2026.04 | 46.7 | 11.8 | — | — | 31.1 | — | — | 58.9 | 80.1 | |
| Translocator2026.06 | 46.7 | 11.8 | — | — | 31.1 | — | — | 58.9 | 80.1 | |
| Translocator2025.07 | 46.7 | 11.8 | — | — | 31.1 | — | — | 58.9 | 80.1 | |
| GeoDecoder2026.04 | 45.9 | 12.8 | — | — | 33.5 | — | — | 61 | 76.1 | |
| GeoDecoder2026.06 | 45.9 | 12.8 | — | — | 33.5 | — | — | 61 | 76.1 | |
| GeoDecoder2025.07 | 45.9 | 12.8 | — | — | 33.5 | — | — | 61 | 76.1 | |
| GeoDecoder2026.03 | 45.6 | 11.8 | — | — | 34 | — | — | 62.4 | 74.8 | |
| GeoShieldε=2/2552026.07 | 44.98 | 12.38 | — | — | 32.97 | — | — | 62.46 | 78.14 | |
| StreetCLIPmode=Zero-shot2025.07 | 37.4 | — | — | — | 22.4 | — | — | 61.3 | 80.4 | |
| ISNs2026.04 | 36.6 | 10.5 | — | — | 28 | — | — | 49.7 | 66 | |
| ISN2025.07 | 36.6 | 10.5 | — | — | 28 | — | — | 49.7 | 66 | |
| GeoShieldε=4/2552026.07 | 36.07 | 9.71 | — | — | 26.43 | — | — | 50.58 | 68.67 | |
| ISNs2026.03 | 35.5 | 10.1 | — | — | 29.2 | — | — | 50.5 | 64.5 | |
| CPlaNet2026.03 | 34.7 | 11.3 | — | — | 25.7 | — | — | 47.7 | 65.3 | |
| CPlaNet[1-5,PlaNet]ensemble=ClassSet 1-5 + PlaNet (reprod)2018.08 | 34.6 | 10.2 | 20.8 | 23.7 | 26.5 | 28.6 | 30.6 | 48.6 | 64.6 | |
| CPlaNet2026.04 | 34.6 | 10.2 | — | — | 26.5 | — | — | 48.6 | 64.6 | |
| CPlaNet2026.06 | 34.6 | 10.2 | — | — | 26.5 | — | — | 48.6 | 64.6 | |
| CPlaNet2025.07 | 34.6 | 10.2 | — | — | 26.5 | — | — | 48.6 | 64.6 | |
| CPlaNet[1-5]ensemble=ClassSet 1-5, number of partitions=107,5932018.08 | 34.5 | 9.9 | 20.2 | 23.3 | — | 28.5 | 30.4 | 48.8 | 64.6 | |
| CPlaNet[1-2]ensemble=ClassSet 1-2, number of partitions=46,2942018.08 | 34.4 | 9.3 | 19.3 | 22.7 | 25.7 | 27.7 | 30.1 | 47.8 | 64.5 | |
| PlaNet (reprod)status=reproduced2018.08 | 34.3 | 8.5 | 18.1 | 21.4 | 24.8 | 27.7 | 30 | 48.4 | 64.6 | |
| PlaNet2026.04 | 34.3 | 8.5 | — | — | 24.8 | — | — | 48.4 | 64.6 | |
| PlaNet2026.06 | 34.3 | 8.5 | — | — | 24.8 | — | — | 48.4 | 64.6 | |
| PlaNet2025.07 | 34.3 | 8.5 | — | — | 24.8 | — | — | 48.4 | 64.6 | |
| ClassSet 1set_index=12018.08 | 34.1 | 8.4 | 18.3 | 21.7 | 24.7 | 27.4 | 29.8 | 47.9 | 64.5 | |
| PlaNet2026.03 | 33.7 | 7.8 | — | — | 25.8 | — | — | 48.7 | 63.2 | |
| ClassSet 3set_index=32018.08 | 33.5 | 8.8 | 18.9 | 22.4 | 25.7 | 27.9 | 29.8 | 47.8 | 64.1 | |
| Average[1-2]aggregation=naïve average, ensemble=ClassSet 1-22018.08 | 33.4 | 8.2 | 18 | 21.1 | 24.2 | 26.8 | 29.5 | 47.3 | 64.2 | |
| Average[1-5]aggregation=naïve average, ensemble=ClassSet 1-52018.08 | 33.2 | 8.5 | 18.4 | 21.5 | 24.7 | 27.1 | 29.5 | 47.4 | 64.3 | |
| ClassSet 4set_index=42018.08 | 33 | 8.7 | 18.5 | 21.4 | 24.6 | 26.8 | 29.6 | 47.6 | 64.4 | |
| ClassSet 5set_index=52018.08 | 32.9 | 8.8 | 18.7 | 21.7 | 24.7 | 27.3 | 29.3 | 47.1 | 64.5 | |
| ClassSet 2set_index=22018.08 | 32.7 | 8 | 17.6 | 20.6 | 23.8 | 26.2 | 29.2 | 46.6 | 63.9 | |
| [L]kNNsigma=42026.03 | 27.7 | 7.5 | — | — | 18.3 | — | — | 38.7 | 57.2 | |
| Deep-Ret2018.08 | 26.9 | 3.7 | — | — | 19.4 | — | — | 38.9 | 55.9 | |
| [L]kNNalpha=42026.04 | 26.9 | 7.2 | — | — | 19.4 | — | — | 38.9 | 55.9 | |
| GeoShieldε=8/2552026.07 | 22.96 | 6.67 | — | — | 17.08 | — | — | 35.27 | 54.99 | |
| GeoShieldε=16/2552026.07 | 14.58 | 3.74 | — | — | 10.71 | — | — | 24.42 | 45.01 | |
| ImageNetFeat2018.08 | 10.8 | 3 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 9 | 18.5 | 37.5 | |
| RTAε=2/2552026.07 | 4.54 | 1.17 | — | — | 3.04 | — | — | 8.07 | 19.12 | |
| RTAε=8/2552026.07 | 3.67 | 0.77 | — | — | 2.67 | — | — | 6.67 | 16.15 | |
| RTAε=16/2552026.07 | 3.5 | 0.73 | — | — | 2.27 | — | — | 6.47 | 16.08 | |
| RTAε=4/2552026.07 | 3.17 | 0.8 | — | — | 2.34 | — | — | 6.11 | 15.42 |