Image Classification on OfficeHome
92.59Average AccuracySGD-DualOpt_Fine-tune
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SGD-DualOpt_Fine-tuneBackbone=ConvNeXt-B2026.04 | 92.59 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LinearBackbone=ConvNeXt-B2026.04 | 92.4 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| VPTBackbone=ConvNeXt-B2026.04 | 92.31 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FullBackbone=ConvNeXt-B2026.04 | 91.78 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CRPLBackbone=ViT-14L, Setting=ours2025.06 | 91.1 | 89.7 | 83.2 | 95.9 | 95.5 | — | |
| L2-SPBackbone=ConvNeXt-B2026.04 | 90.61 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Adam-DualOpt_Fine-tuneBackbone=ViT-B2026.04 | 89.05 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PGABackbone=ViT-14L, Setting=PGA2025.06 | 88.4 | 87.5 | 77.2 | 94.5 | 94.5 | — | |
| LoRABackbone=ConvNeXt-B2026.04 | 87.65 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TPTVisual Encoder=ViT-L/142024.06 | 86.72 | 86.76 | 74.76 | 92.42 | 92.95 | — | |
| TPTVisual Encoder=ViT-L/142024.06 | 86.72 | 86.76 | 74.76 | 92.42 | 92.95 | — | |
| VPTBackbone=ViT-B2026.04 | 86.48 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| WATT-SVisual Encoder=ViT-L/142024.06 | 86.45 | 84.43 | 75.43 | 91.88 | 94.06 | — | |
| WATT-SVisual Encoder=ViT-L/142024.06 | 86.45 | 84.43 | 75.43 | 91.88 | 94.06 | — | |
| Zero-ShotBackbone=ViT-14L, Setting=Zero-Shot2025.06 | 86.1 | 86.6 | 72.4 | 92.8 | 92.7 | — | |
| L2-SPBackbone=ViT-B2026.04 | 84.74 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TENTVisual Encoder=ViT-L/142024.06 | 84.71 | 82.61 | 72.51 | 90.97 | 92.75 | — | |
| TENTVisual Encoder=ViT-L/142024.06 | 84.71 | 82.61 | 72.51 | 90.97 | 92.75 | — | |
| LoRABackbone=ViT-B2026.04 | 84.65 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CLIPVisual Encoder=ViT-L/142024.06 | 84.58 | 82.47 | 72.2 | 90.94 | 92.72 | — | |
| CLIPARTTVisual Encoder=ViT-L/142024.06 | 84.58 | 82.35 | 72.41 | 90.94 | 92.63 | — | |
| CLIPVisual Encoder=ViT-L/142024.06 | 84.58 | 82.47 | 72.2 | 90.94 | 92.72 | — | |
| CLIPARTTVisual Encoder=ViT-L/142024.06 | 84.58 | 82.35 | 72.41 | 90.94 | 92.63 | — | |
| FullBackbone=ViT-B2026.04 | 84.39 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TPTVisual Encoder=ViT-B/162024.06 | 81.91 | 81.97 | 67.01 | 89 | 89.66 | — | |
| WATT-PVisual Encoder=ViT-B/162024.06 | 81.82 | 80.37 | 68.59 | 88.15 | 90.18 | — | |
| WATT-SVisual Encoder=ViT-B/162024.06 | 81.71 | 80.43 | 68.26 | 88.02 | 90.14 | — | |
| FedSelectBackbone=ResNet-18, Initialization=Pretrained on ImageNet2024.04 | 80.51 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TENTVisual Encoder=ViT-B/162024.06 | 80.47 | 79.26 | 65.64 | 87.49 | 89.5 | — | |
| CLIPARTTVisual Encoder=ViT-B/162024.06 | 80.42 | 79.34 | 65.69 | 87.35 | 89.29 | — | |
| CLIPVisual Encoder=ViT-B/162024.06 | 80.28 | 79.3 | 65.15 | 87.34 | 89.31 | — | |
| FedRepBackbone=ResNet-18, Initialization=Pretrained on ImageNet2024.04 | 80.07 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LinearBackbone=ViT-B2026.04 | 79.96 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| M-CRPLScenario=Multi-Source2025.06 | 78.9 | 76.8 | 63.5 | 87.6 | 87.5 | — | |
| LG-FedAvgBackbone=ResNet-18, Initialization=Pretrained on ImageNet2024.04 | 78.75 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DittoBackbone=ResNet-18, Initialization=Pretrained on ImageNet2024.04 | 77.99 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CRPLScenario=Source Combined2025.06 | 77.6 | 76.6 | 60.4 | 86.5 | 86.8 | — | |
| FedAvg + FTBackbone=ResNet-18, Initialization=Pretrained on ImageNet, Fine-tuning=true2024.04 | 76.84 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Local OnlyBackbone=ResNet-18, Initialization=Pretrained on ImageNet2024.04 | 75.6 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MPGAScenario=Multi-Source2025.06 | 75.5 | 74.8 | 56 | 85.2 | 86 | — | |
| MPAScenario=Multi-Source2025.06 | 75.4 | 74.8 | 54.9 | 86.2 | 85.7 | — | |
| PGAScenario=Source Combined2025.06 | 74.5 | 74.1 | 53.9 | 84.4 | 85.6 | — | |
| FedAvgBackbone=ResNet-18, Initialization=Pretrained on ImageNet2024.04 | 74.35 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GMOE-S/16Backbone=ViT-S/16, Selection Criterion=train-validation selection2022.06 | 74.2 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MFSANScenario=Multi-Source2025.06 | 74.1 | 72.1 | 62 | 80.3 | 81.8 | — | |
| DAPLScenario=Source Combined2025.06 | 72.8 | 72.8 | 51.9 | 82.6 | 83.7 | — | |
| DANScenario=Source Combined2025.06 | 72.4 | 68.5 | 59.4 | 79 | 82.5 | — | |
| DANNScenario=Source Combined2025.06 | 72.4 | 68.4 | 59.1 | 79.5 | 82.7 | — | |
| Simple PromptScenario=Source Combined2025.06 | 72.4 | 70.7 | 52.9 | 82.9 | 83.9 | — | |
| D-CORALScenario=Source Combined2025.06 | 72.2 | 68.1 | 58.6 | 79.5 | 82.7 | — | |
| SIMpDAScenario=Multi-Source2025.06 | 72.2 | 70.8 | 56.3 | 80.2 | 81.5 | — | |
| ERMBackbone=ViT-S/16, Selection Criterion=train-validation selection2022.06 | 72.2 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CLIPScenario=Zero-Shot2025.06 | 71.4 | 71.2 | 50.4 | 81.4 | 82.6 | — | |
| MDDAScenario=Multi-Source2025.06 | 71 | 66.7 | 62.3 | 79.5 | 79.6 | — | |
| SWADBackbone=ResNet-50, Selection Criterion=train-validation selection2022.06 | 70.6 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MIROBackbone=ResNet-50, Selection Criterion=train-validation selection2022.06 | 70.5 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EVIL-SAMOptimization=SAM2025.12 | 70.3 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| D-GAPevaluation_protocol=leave-one-domain-out2025.11 | 70.22 | 64.82 | 55.21 | 77.76 | 83.08 | — | |
| CORAL-SAMOptimization=SAM2025.12 | 69.3 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| mDSDIBackbone=ResNet-502021.10 | 69.2 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SagNet-SAMOptimization=SAM2025.12 | 69.2 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FedPerBackbone=ResNet-18, Initialization=Pretrained on ImageNet2024.04 | 69.01 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CORALBackbone=ResNet-502021.10 | 68.7 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TSDBackbone=ResNet-502023.03 | 68.67 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DANNBackbone=ResNet-50, Selection Criterion=train-validation selection2022.06 | 68.6 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CORALBackbone=ResNet-50, Selection Criterion=train-validation selection2022.06 | 68.6 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FISHBackbone=ResNet-50, Selection Criterion=train-validation selection2022.06 | 68.6 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FishrBackbone=ResNet-50, Selection Criterion=train-validation selection2022.06 | 68.6 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| T3ABackbone=ResNet-502023.03 | 68.29 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MixupBackbone=ResNet-502021.10 | 68.1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SagNetsBackbone=ResNet-502021.10 | 68.1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TentBackbone=ResNet-502023.03 | 67.96 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Su et al. (2024)evaluation_protocol=leave-one-domain-out2025.11 | 67.71 | 64.13 | 54.83 | 75.6 | 75.36 | — | |
| MMDBackbone=ResNet-50, Selection Criterion=train-validation selection2022.06 | 67.7 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ERMBackbone=ResNet-50, Selection Criterion=train-validation selection2022.06 | 67.5 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SEPLbase_method=ERM++2025.12 | 67.5 | 62 | 55.2 | 75.7 | 77 | — | |
| UniStyleBackbone=ResNet-18, Evaluation Protocol=Leave-one-domain-out2022.11 | 67.4 | 60.8 | 57.1 | 75.3 | 76.5 | — | |
| SHOT-IMBackbone=ResNet-502023.03 | 67.39 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ERMBackbone=ResNet-502023.03 | 67.37 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PLBackbone=ResNet-502023.03 | 67.13 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MRM-SAMOptimization=SAM2025.12 | 67 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MLDGBackbone=ResNet-502021.10 | 66.8 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SAM (2023)evaluation_protocol=leave-one-domain-out2025.11 | 66.75 | 60.79 | 55.47 | 74.37 | 76.37 | — | |
| AGST (2025)evaluation_protocol=leave-one-domain-out2025.11 | 66.66 | 62.5 | 53.87 | 74.57 | 75.7 | — | |
| FedPACBackbone=ResNet-18, Initialization=Pretrained on ImageNet2024.04 | 66.61 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FACT (2023)evaluation_protocol=leave-one-domain-out2025.11 | 66.56 | 60.34 | 54.85 | 74.48 | 76.55 | — | |
| ERMBackbone=ResNet-502021.10 | 66.5 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FACTBackbone=ResNet-18, Evaluation Protocol=Leave-one-domain-out2022.11 | 66.5 | 60.3 | 54.8 | 74.4 | 76.5 | — | |
| MTLBackbone=ResNet-502021.10 | 66.4 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| VREXBackbone=ResNet-502021.10 | 66.4 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MMDBackbone=ResNet-502021.10 | 66.3 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ERM++2025.12 | 66.3 | 61.3 | 53.1 | 74.7 | 76 | — | |
| ETABackbone=ResNet-502023.03 | 66.21 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LAMEBackbone=ResNet-502023.03 | 66.19 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BNBackbone=ResNet-502023.03 | 66.1 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GroupDROBackbone=ResNet-502021.10 | 66 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DANNBackbone=ResNet-502021.10 | 65.9 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CDANNBackbone=ResNet-502021.10 | 65.8 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| StyleNeophileBackbone=ResNet-18, Evaluation Protocol=Leave-one-domain-out2022.11 | 65.8 | 59.5 | 55 | 73.5 | 75.5 | — | |
| FedBABUBackbone=ResNet-18, Initialization=Pretrained on ImageNet2024.04 | 65.63 | — | — | — | — | — |