Image Classification on ImageNet-C level 5 (5k)
70.1Accuracy (Gaussian Noise)IMSE
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMSEBackbone=ViT-Large2026.03 | 70.1 | 71 | 71 | 68.1 | 68.5 | 71.8 | 71.7 | 75.8 | 76.3 | 74 | 82.7 | 68.5 | 76 | 80.4 | 78.3 | 73.6 | |
| SARBackbone=ViT-Large, reproduced=true2026.03 | 67.4 | 68.3 | 69.3 | 55.8 | 59.6 | 66.1 | 64.2 | 68.8 | 70.5 | 68.1 | 81.6 | 59 | 69.7 | 78 | 75.8 | 68.1 | |
| DPALBackbone=ViT-Large, reproduced=true2026.03 | 66.6 | 68.4 | 68.1 | 62.5 | 63.8 | 67.9 | 65.7 | 72 | 69.5 | 64.4 | 81.5 | 56.5 | 71.3 | 73.6 | 75.7 | 68.5 | |
| TENTBackbone=ViT-Large, reproduced=true2026.03 | 65.2 | 66 | 66.1 | 60.8 | 54.4 | 64.1 | 60.4 | 68.2 | 65.9 | 63.7 | 80.4 | 58 | 60.3 | 75.9 | 73.6 | 65.5 | |
| SourceBackbone=ViT-Large, Pre-training=Supervised2026.03 | 62.5 | 62 | 63.3 | 52.9 | 45.3 | 60.7 | 55.2 | 66 | 62.6 | 62.4 | 79.9 | 40.1 | 56.2 | 74.3 | 72.8 | 61.1 | |
| ZOAFP=2, Time=198, Memory=859, #Params=261452026.03 | 58 | 58 | 59.5 | 49.8 | 39.5 | 55.3 | 49 | 64.6 | 64.3 | 66.8 | 78 | 48.9 | 50.2 | 67.8 | 68.7 | 58.56 | |
| FOZOFP=2, Time=179, Memory=831, #Params=23042026.03 | 57.8 | 57.8 | 58.9 | 50.2 | 39.2 | 55.3 | 49.2 | 65.3 | 66.8 | 67.5 | 78.6 | 56.9 | 51 | 68.3 | 70.1 | 59.52 | |
| IMSE RetrievalBackbone=ViT-Base, Severity Level=5, Evaluation Protocol=Continual test-time adaptation2026.03 | 57.3 | 60.4 | 59.7 | 58 | 57.8 | 60.7 | 60.8 | 68.2 | 68.5 | 66.3 | 78.2 | 59.9 | 67.1 | 74.1 | 69.6 | 64.4 | |
| FOAFP=2, Time=224, Memory=831, #Params=23042026.03 | 57.2 | 57.5 | 58.1 | 48.6 | 37.7 | 54.3 | 47.6 | 64.2 | 65.2 | 66.8 | 78 | 51.3 | 48.6 | 67.7 | 69.1 | 58.13 | |
| NoAdaptFP=1, Time=94, Memory=819, #Params=02026.03 | 57.1 | 57 | 57.7 | 46.8 | 35.9 | 52.8 | 45.9 | 62.4 | 62.6 | 65.8 | 78 | 32.1 | 45.3 | 67 | 67.4 | 55.57 | |
| T3AFP=1, Time=311, Memory=823, #Params=02026.03 | 56.8 | 57.7 | 59.1 | 40.8 | 36.9 | 53.2 | 46.1 | 62.2 | 59.6 | 60.4 | 78.2 | 12.1 | 45.5 | 68.2 | 69.5 | 53.76 | |
| LAMEFP=1, Time=97, Memory=819, #Params=02026.03 | 56.7 | 56.4 | 57.4 | 46.2 | 35.2 | 52.1 | 45.1 | 58.6 | 61.8 | 62.9 | 77.7 | 24.6 | 43.9 | 66.8 | 66.9 | 54.16 | |
| ViDA*Backbone=ViT-Base, Severity Level=5, Evaluation Protocol=Continual test-time adaptation, Reproduced=true2026.03 | 50.5 | 56.3 | 56.5 | 50.8 | 42.6 | 56.5 | 52.2 | 61.6 | 63 | 58.3 | 77.1 | 55.2 | 49.8 | 67.1 | 68 | 57.7 | |
| TENT*Backbone=ViT-Base, Severity Level=5, Evaluation Protocol=Continual test-time adaptation, Reproduced=true2026.03 | 48 | 50.2 | 51.2 | 45.5 | 34 | 51.4 | 46.9 | 57.3 | 56.9 | 54.6 | 76.3 | 39.5 | 46.4 | 66.9 | 66.7 | 52.8 | |
| CoTTA*Backbone=ViT-Base, Severity Level=5, Evaluation Protocol=Continual test-time adaptation, Reproduced=true2026.03 | 47 | 47.1 | 47.3 | 44.7 | 31.6 | 49 | 45.2 | 54.8 | 55.5 | 51 | 75.9 | 32 | 45.9 | 66.1 | 66.7 | 50.7 | |
| SourceBackbone=ViT-Base, Severity Level=5, Evaluation Protocol=Continual test-time adaptation2026.03 | 46.8 | 46.7 | 46.7 | 44.1 | 31.1 | 48.6 | 44.5 | 54.3 | 54.9 | 50.4 | 75.3 | 31.3 | 45.2 | 65.8 | 66.1 | 50.1 |