ResearchBenchmarksForward PDE Prediction on Nonlinear Helmholtz In-distributionForward PDE Prediction on Nonlinear Helmholtz In-distributionFollow0.506L2 Relative ErrorENS-0.017763.517627.05310.58838Jun 25, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksL2 Relative ErrorPDE ResidualENS2026.060.5066.42FNO2026.062.48339PINO2026.064.5161.4POSEIDON2026.067.0245,700PINORefinement=TTOPRefinement=TTOP2026.067.814.5PCFM2026.067.892.53DiffusionPDE2026.0613.6260,000