ResearchBenchmarksForward PDE Prediction on Nonlinear Helmholtz ExtrapolationForward PDE Prediction on Nonlinear Helmholtz ExtrapolationFollow0.0631L2 Relative ErrorENS0.0470640.1553070.263550.371793Jun 25, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksL2 Relative ErrorPDE ResidualENS2026.060.063117.6PCFM2026.060.1755.53PINORefinement=TTOPRefinement=TTOP2026.060.19812.9PINO2026.060.24656.6FNO2026.060.247259POSEIDON2026.060.27734,800DiffusionPDE2026.060.46452.7