ResearchBenchmarksFederated Learning Communication Cost on Edge_IIoTFollow1.04P-value (vs BFL)DyHFL0.74562.73284.726.7072Apr 7, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksP-value (vs BFL)P-value (vs Fedbuff)P-value (vs ASR_Fed)P-value (vs Async)P-value (vs Sync)DyHFLAgents=40Agents=402026.041.043.044.741.271.41DyHFLAgents=100Agents=1002026.043.022.82.541.822.27DyHFLAgents=20Agents=202026.043.112.133.471.621.72DyHFLAgents=80Agents=802026.048.42.011.446.091.25