ResearchBenchmarksComputational Runtime for LPBF Thermal Process Simulation on Transfer SetsFollow2.53Total Simulation Time (h)PINN2.16124.65067.149.6294Jun 25, 2025Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksTotal Simulation Time (h)Training Data Generation Time (h)Inference Time (h)FEA Correction 1 Time (h)PINN Retraining + Inference Time (h)FEA Correction 3 Time (h)FEA Correction 4 Time (h)PINNTransfer learning=trueTransfer learning=true2025.062.532.350.18————FEA-PINNTransfer learning=trueTransfer learning=true2025.063.642.350.180.250.180.250.25FEATransfer learning=trueTransfer learning=true2025.0611.75——————