ResearchBenchmarksComputational Runtime for LPBF Thermal Process Simulation on Transfer SetsComputational Runtime for LPBF Thermal Process Simulation on Transfer SetsFollow2.53Total Simulation Time (h)PINN2.16124.65067.149.6294Jun 25, 2025Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksTotal Simulation Time (h)Training Data Generation Time (h)Inference Time (h)FEA Correction 1 Time (h)PINN Retraining + Inference Time (h)FEA Correction 3 Time (h)FEA Correction 4 Time (h)PINNTransfer learning=trueTransfer learning=true2025.062.532.350.18————FEA-PINNTransfer learning=trueTransfer learning=true2025.063.642.350.180.250.180.250.25FEATransfer learning=trueTransfer learning=true2025.0611.75——————