ResearchBenchmarksACOPF Optimization on goc 2000 (test)Follow14.7Average RuntimeHH-MPNN-3,335.95219,280.94941,897.8564,514.751Oct 8, 2025Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksAverage RuntimeAverage Speed-up FactorHH-MPNN2025.1014.75,700IPOPT2025.1083,781—