3D Human Pose Estimation on Human3.6M (Protocol #1)
13.4MPJPE (Avg.)DeepFuse
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DeepFuseProcrustes Analysis=true, IMU sensor fusion=true2019.12 | 13.4 | 9 | 9.4 | 11.2 | 13.5 | 14 | 22.1 | 11.6 | 12 | 11.8 | 20.8 | 14.7 | 10.6 | 20.4 | 10.4 | 10.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GT Vol. HeatmapsN=14, Rigid Alignment=true2020.04 | 14.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GT Vol. HeatmapsN=14, Rigid Alignment=false2020.04 | 15.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MixSTEInput length (T)=2432023.01 | 21.6 | 21.6 | 22 | 20.4 | 21 | 20.8 | 24.3 | 24.7 | 21.9 | 26.9 | 24.9 | 21.2 | 21.5 | 20.8 | 14.7 | 15.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GAST-NetProtocol=Protocol #2, T=243, 2D Detector=GT2020.03 | 25.6 | 23.4 | 26.8 | 21.6 | 25 | 24.5 | 28.9 | — | 23.4 | 29 | 30.5 | 26.1 | 23.3 | 25.8 | 20.3 | 21.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UGCNInput=Ground Truth 2D Pose2020.04 | 25.6 | 23 | 25.7 | 22.8 | 22.6 | 24.1 | 30.6 | 24.9 | 24.5 | 31.1 | 35 | 25.6 | 24.3 | 25.1 | 19.8 | 18.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DeepFuseProcrustes Analysis=false, IMU sensor fusion=true2019.12 | 26.9 | 18.7 | 20.7 | 22.5 | 24.5 | 28.3 | 40.1 | 22.7 | 23.1 | 26 | 39.9 | 33.8 | 22.9 | 35 | 20.9 | 21.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| HSTFormerInput length (T)=812023.01 | 27.8 | 24.9 | 27.4 | 28.1 | 25.9 | 28.2 | 33.5 | 28.9 | 26.8 | 33.4 | 38.2 | 27.2 | 26.7 | 27.1 | 20.4 | 20.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Strided TransformerProtocol=Protocol #1, Input=2D ground truth, Temporal=true2021.03 | 28.5 | 27.1 | 29.4 | 26.5 | 27.1 | 28.6 | 33 | 30.7 | 26.8 | 38.2 | 34.7 | 29.1 | 29.8 | 26.8 | 19.1 | 19.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| P-STMOInput length (T)=2432023.01 | 29.3 | 28.5 | 30.1 | 28.6 | 27.9 | 29.8 | 33.2 | 31.3 | 27.8 | 36 | 37.4 | 29.7 | 29.5 | 28.1 | 21 | 21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MHFormerInput length (T)=3512023.01 | 30.5 | 27.7 | 32.1 | 29.1 | 28.9 | 30 | 33.9 | 33 | 31.2 | 37 | 39.3 | 30 | 31 | 29.4 | 22.2 | 23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| WangProtocol=Protocol #2, Use pose refinement and spatio-temporal information=true2020.03 | 31.1 | 31.8 | 34.3 | 35.4 | 33.5 | 35.4 | 41.7 | — | 31.6 | 44.4 | 49 | 36.4 | 32.2 | 35 | 24.9 | 23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PoseFormerInput length (T)=812023.01 | 31.3 | 30 | 33.6 | 29.9 | 31 | 30.2 | 33.3 | 34.8 | 31.4 | 37.8 | 38.6 | 31.7 | 31.5 | 29 | 23.3 | 23.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Zeng et al.Protocol=Protocol #1, Input=2D ground truth, Temporal=true2021.03 | 32 | 34.8 | 32.1 | 28.5 | 30.7 | 31.4 | 36.9 | 35.6 | 30.5 | 38.9 | 40.5 | 32.5 | 31 | 29.9 | 22.5 | 24.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SRNetInput length (T)=2432023.01 | 32 | 34.8 | 32.1 | 28.5 | 30.7 | 31.4 | 36.9 | 35.6 | 30.5 | 38.9 | 40.5 | 32.5 | 31 | 29.9 | 22.5 | 24.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Chen et al.Protocol=Protocol #1, Input=2D ground truth, Temporal=true2021.03 | 32.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Trajectory Space FactorizationInput type=GT 2D, Basis type=DCT, Number of frames (F)=50, Temporal information usage=true2019.08 | 32.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LinInput=Ground Truth 2D Pose2020.04 | 32.8 | 30.1 | 33.7 | 28.7 | 31 | 33.7 | 40.1 | 33.8 | 29.5 | 38.6 | 40.8 | 32.4 | 31.7 | 33.8 | 25.3 | 24.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Trajectory Space FactorizationInput type=GT 2D, Basis type=SVD, Number of frames (F)=50, Temporal information usage=true2019.08 | 32.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Trajectory Space FactorizationInput type=GT 2D, Basis type=DCT, Number of frames (F)=25, Temporal information usage=true2019.08 | 33 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LinProtocol=Protocol #22020.03 | 33 | 32.5 | 35.3 | 34.3 | 36.2 | 37.8 | 43 | — | 32.2 | 45.7 | 51.8 | 38.4 | 32.8 | 37.5 | 25.8 | 28.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GAST-NetProtocol=Protocol #1, T=243, 2D Detector=GT2020.03 | 33.2 | 30.5 | 33.1 | 27.6 | 31 | 31.8 | 37 | — | 30 | 35.7 | 37.7 | 31.4 | 29.8 | 31.7 | 24 | 25.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LiuProtocol=Protocol #22020.03 | 33.2 | 32.3 | 35.2 | 33.3 | 35.8 | 35.9 | 41.5 | — | 32.7 | 44.6 | 50.9 | 37 | 32.4 | 37 | 25.2 | 27.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Attention-Based Neural Network with Dilated Convolutions2D input source=Ground-Truth, n=2432021.03 | 33.4 | 33 | 35.7 | 31.7 | 32.4 | 32.1 | 36.5 | 37.2 | 32.6 | 40.7 | 41.4 | 32.6 | 33.1 | 30.9 | 24.9 | 25.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GAST-NetProtocol=Protocol #2, T=243, 2D Detector=CPN, Causal=false2020.03 | 33.6 | 32.7 | 36.2 | 33.4 | 36.5 | 36 | 41.5 | — | 33.1 | 44.1 | 46.8 | 36.7 | 33.1 | 35.8 | 24.2 | 24.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Moon et al. [23]Approach=top-down, N=17, Rigid Alignment=true2020.04 | 34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GraphMLPInput Source=Ground Truth 2D Keypoints, Temporal Scope=Single-frame2022.06 | 34.2 | 32.2 | 38.2 | 29.3 | 33.4 | 33.5 | 38.1 | 38.2 | 31.7 | 37.3 | 38.5 | 34.2 | 36.1 | 35.5 | 28 | 29.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Trajectory Space FactorizationInput type=GT 2D, Basis type=DCT, Number of frames (F)=10, Temporal information usage=true2019.08 | 34.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PavlloProtocol=Protocol #22020.03 | 34.4 | 34.1 | 36.1 | 34.4 | 37.2 | 36.4 | 42.2 | — | 33.6 | 45 | 52.5 | 37.4 | 33.8 | 37.8 | 25.6 | 27.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GAST-NetProtocol=Protocol #2, T=243, 2D Detector=CPN, Causal=true2020.03 | 34.4 | 34.9 | 37.5 | 34.9 | 38.3 | 37.4 | 44 | — | 34.6 | 45.1 | 48 | 49.3 | 34.8 | 37.7 | 26.2 | 27.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Ray3DInput=GT keypoints, f=92022.03 | 34.4 | 31.2 | 35.7 | 31.4 | 33.6 | 35 | 37.5 | 37.2 | 30.9 | 42.5 | 41.3 | 34.6 | 36.5 | 32 | 27.7 | 28.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Ray3D et al.Input length (T)=92023.01 | 34.4 | 31.2 | 35.7 | 31.4 | 33.6 | 35 | 37.5 | 37.2 | 30.9 | 42.5 | 41.3 | 34.6 | 36.5 | 32 | 27.7 | 28.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Liu et al.Protocol=Protocol #1, Input=2D ground truth, Temporal=true2021.03 | 34.7 | 34.5 | 37.1 | 33.6 | 34.2 | 32.9 | 37.1 | 39.6 | 35.8 | 40.7 | 41.4 | 33 | 33.8 | 33 | 26.6 | 26.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Liu et al.Input=GT keypoints, Venue=CVPR'20, f=2432022.03 | 34.7 | 34.5 | 37.1 | 33.6 | 34.2 | 32.9 | 37.1 | 39.6 | 35.8 | 40.7 | 41.4 | 33 | 33.8 | 33 | 26.6 | 26.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Liu et al.Input length (T)=2432023.01 | 34.7 | 34.5 | 37.1 | 33.6 | 34.2 | 32.9 | 37.1 | 39.6 | 35.8 | 40.7 | 41.4 | 33 | 33.8 | 33 | 26.6 | 26.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RIEInput=GT keypoints, Venue=ACMMM'21, f=92022.03 | 34.8 | 34.8 | 38.2 | 31.1 | 34.4 | 35.4 | 37.2 | 38.3 | 32.8 | 39.5 | 41.3 | 34.9 | 35.6 | 32.9 | 27.1 | 28 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PHGANetInput Source=Ground Truth 2D Keypoints, Temporal Scope=Single-frame2022.06 | 34.9 | 32.4 | 36.5 | 30.1 | 33.3 | 36.3 | 43.5 | 36.1 | 30.5 | 37.5 | 45.3 | 33.8 | 35.1 | 35.3 | 27.5 | 30.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GraFormerInput length (T)=12023.01 | 35.2 | 32 | 38 | 30.4 | 34.4 | 34.7 | 43.3 | 35.2 | 31.4 | 38 | 46.2 | 34.2 | 35.7 | 36.1 | 27.4 | 30.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GraFormerInput Source=Ground Truth 2D Keypoints, Temporal Scope=Single-frame2022.06 | 35.2 | 32 | 38 | 30.4 | 34.4 | 34.7 | 43.3 | 35.2 | 31.4 | 38 | 46.2 | 34.2 | 35.7 | 36.1 | 27.4 | 30.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Moon et al. [23]Approach=top-down, N=17, Rigid Alignment=false2020.04 | 35.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GraphSHInput type=Ground truth 2D keypoints, Extra data from MPII=false, Pose scales=false2021.03 | 35.8 | 35.8 | 38.1 | 31 | 35.3 | 35.8 | 43.2 | 37.3 | 31.7 | 38.4 | 45.5 | 35.4 | 36.7 | 36.8 | 27.9 | 30.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Xu et al.Protocol=Protocol #1, Input=2D ground truth, Temporal=false2021.03 | 35.8 | 35.8 | 38.1 | 31 | 35.3 | 35.8 | 43.2 | 37.3 | 31.7 | 38.4 | 35.5 | 35.4 | 36.7 | 36.8 | 27.9 | 30.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GraphSHInput Source=Ground Truth 2D Keypoints, Temporal Scope=Single-frame2022.06 | 35.8 | 35.8 | 38.1 | 31 | 35.3 | 35.8 | 43.2 | 37.3 | 31.7 | 38.4 | 45.5 | 35.4 | 36.7 | 36.8 | 27.9 | 30.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Ci et al.Input type=Ground truth 2D keypoints, Extra data from MPII=true, Pose scales=true2021.03 | 36.3 | 36.3 | 38.8 | 29.7 | 37.8 | 34.6 | 42.5 | 39.8 | 32.5 | 36.2 | 39.5 | 34.4 | 38.4 | 38.2 | 31.3 | 34.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SRNetInput Source=Ground Truth 2D Keypoints, Temporal Scope=Single-frame2022.06 | 36.4 | 35.9 | 36.7 | 29.3 | 34.5 | 36 | 42.8 | 37.7 | 31.7 | 40.1 | 44.3 | 35.8 | 37.2 | 36.2 | 33.7 | 34 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DiffPoseN=243, H=5, W=502024.03 | 36.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 28.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SnapPose3DNumber of hypotheses (H)=20, Selection=Best2026.04 | 36.9 | 37.5 | 35.5 | 35.7 | 33.4 | 34.9 | 38.6 | 37.8 | 41.1 | 40 | 43.7 | 37.4 | 34.5 | 35.8 | 34.8 | 29.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Pavllo et al.Input type=GT 2D, Temporal information usage=true2019.08 | 37.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PavlloInput=Ground Truth 2D Pose2020.04 | 37.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CaiInput=Ground Truth 2D Pose2020.04 | 37.2 | 32.9 | 38.7 | 32.9 | 37 | 37.3 | 44.8 | 38.7 | 36.1 | 41 | 45.6 | 36.8 | 37.7 | 37.7 | 28.5 | 31.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Cai et al.Protocol=Protocol #1, Input=2D ground truth, Temporal=true2021.03 | 37.2 | 32.9 | 38.7 | 32.9 | 37 | 37.3 | 44.8 | 38.7 | 36.1 | 41 | 45.6 | 36.8 | 37.7 | 37.7 | 29.5 | 31.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CaiProtocol=Protocol #2, Use pose refinement and spatio-temporal information=true2020.03 | 37.4 | 35.7 | 37.8 | 36.9 | 40.7 | 39.6 | 45.2 | — | 34.5 | 46.9 | 50.1 | 40.5 | 36.1 | 41 | 29.6 | 33.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| VideoPose3D (243f)Parameters=16.95M, FLOPS=33.87M, Input Source=Ground-truth 2D poses, Test-time augmentation=false, Receptive field=243 frames, Dilation=true2018.11 | 37.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Pavllo et al.2D input source=Ground-Truth2021.03 | 37.8 | 35.2 | 40.2 | 32.7 | 35.7 | 38.2 | 45.5 | 40.6 | 36.1 | 48.8 | 47.3 | 37.8 | 39.7 | 38.7 | 27.8 | 29.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Liu et al.Input type=Ground truth 2D keypoints, Extra data from MPII=false, Pose scales=false2021.03 | 37.8 | 36.8 | 40.3 | 33 | 36.3 | 37.5 | 45 | 39.7 | 34.9 | 40.3 | 47.7 | 37.4 | 38.5 | 38.6 | 29.6 | 32 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Pavllo et al.Protocol=Protocol #1, Input=2D ground truth, Temporal=true2021.03 | 37.8 | 35.2 | 40.2 | 32.7 | 35.7 | 38.2 | 45.5 | 40.6 | 36.1 | 48.8 | 47.3 | 37.8 | 39.7 | 38.7 | 27.8 | 29.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| VPoseInput length (T)=2432023.01 | 37.8 | 35.2 | 40.2 | 32.7 | 35.7 | 38.2 | 45.5 | 40.6 | 36.1 | 48.8 | 47.3 | 37.8 | 39.7 | 38.7 | 27.8 | 29.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ST-GCNInput Source=Ground Truth 2D Keypoints, Temporal Scope=Single-frame2022.06 | 38.1 | 33.4 | 39 | 33.8 | 37 | 38.1 | 47.3 | 39.5 | 37.3 | 43.2 | 46.2 | 37.7 | 38 | 38.6 | 30.4 | 32.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| HossainProtocol=Protocol #22020.03 | 38.3 | 35.7 | 39.3 | 44 | 43 | 47.2 | 54 | — | 37.5 | 51.6 | 61.3 | 46.5 | 41.4 | 47.3 | 34.2 | 39.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PoseLifter (+ Location & scale)Input=Ground Truth 2D pose, Components=Location & scale2019.10 | 38.38 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 29.91 | — | — | — | 98.84 | — | — | |
| Lee et al.Input type=GT 2D, Number of frames (F)=3, Temporal information usage=true2019.08 | 38.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Lee et al.2D input source=Ground-Truth2021.03 | 38.4 | 32.1 | 36.6 | 34.4 | 37.8 | 44.5 | 49.9 | 40.9 | 36.2 | 44.1 | 45.6 | 35.3 | 35.9 | 37.6 | 30.3 | 35.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Lee et al.Protocol=Protocol #1, Input=2D ground truth, Temporal=true2021.03 | 38.4 | 32.1 | 36.6 | 34.3 | 37.8 | 44.5 | 49.9 | 40.9 | 36.2 | 44.1 | 45.6 | 35.3 | 35.9 | 30.3 | 37.6 | 35.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| VideoPose3D (81f)Parameters=12.75M, FLOPS=25.48M, Input Source=Ground-truth 2D poses, Test-time augmentation=false, Receptive field=81 frames, Dilation=true2018.11 | 38.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DDHPoseN=243, H=20, W=10, Category=Probabilistic2024.03 | 39 | 36.4 | 39.5 | 34.9 | 37.6 | 40.1 | 45.9 | 37.8 | 37.8 | 51.5 | 52.2 | 40.8 | 38.3 | 38.3 | 27 | 27 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PoseLifter (+ Location)Input=Ground Truth 2D pose, Components=Location2019.10 | 39.04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 30.25 | — | — | — | 368.89 | — | — | |
| ManiPoseSequence length (T)=243, Number of hypotheses (K)=5, Oracle hypothesis=true, 2D input poses=detected2023.12 | 39.1 | 36 | 41.5 | 38.9 | 34.5 | 39.6 | 48.5 | 42.7 | 37.4 | 39.8 | 50 | 40.2 | 37.7 | 45.3 | 25.9 | 28.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DDHPoseN=243, H=5, W=502024.03 | 39.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 31.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Hossain & LittleInput type=GT 2D, Temporal information usage=true2019.08 | 39.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Hossain et al.2D input source=Ground-Truth2021.03 | 39.2 | 35.2 | 40.8 | 37.2 | 37.4 | 43.2 | 44 | 38.9 | 35.6 | 42.3 | 44.6 | 39.7 | 39.7 | 40.2 | 32.8 | 35.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Hossain et al.Input=GT keypoints, Venue=ECCV'18, f=12022.03 | 39.2 | 35.2 | 40.8 | 37.2 | 37.4 | 43.2 | 44 | 38.9 | 35.6 | 42.3 | 44.6 | 39.7 | 39.7 | 40.2 | 32.8 | 35.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Videopose.Input=GT keypoints, Venue=CVPR'19, f=92022.03 | 39.2 | 37 | 40.7 | 35.2 | 37.4 | 38.4 | 44.2 | 42.3 | 37.1 | 46.5 | 48.8 | 38.9 | 40.1 | 38.5 | 29.9 | 32.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| D3DPN=243, H=20, W=10, Category=Probabilistic2024.03 | 39.5 | 37.3 | 39.5 | 35.6 | 37.8 | 41.3 | 48.2 | 39.1 | 37.6 | 49.9 | 52.8 | 41.2 | 39.2 | 39.4 | 27.2 | 27.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DDHPoseN=243, H=5, W=1, Category=Probabilistic2024.03 | 39.5 | 37.2 | 39.9 | 35.1 | 37.6 | 41 | 46.5 | 38.3 | 38.3 | 52.1 | 53.1 | 41.3 | 38.8 | 38.7 | 27.5 | 27.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| D3DPSequence length (T)=243, Number of hypotheses (K)=20, Oracle hypothesis=true, 2D input poses=detected2023.12 | 39.5 | 37.3 | 39.4 | 35.4 | 37.8 | 41.3 | 48.1 | 39 | 37.9 | 49.8 | 52.8 | 41.1 | 39 | 39.4 | 27.3 | 27.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DDHPoseN=243, H=1, W=1, Category=Deterministic: Disentangle-based2024.03 | 39.7 | 37.3 | 40 | 35.2 | 37.7 | 41.1 | 46.7 | 38.4 | 38.4 | 52.2 | 53.3 | 41.4 | 38.9 | 38.8 | 27.6 | 27.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Zhou et al.Input type=Ground truth 2D keypoints, Extra data from MPII=true, Pose scales=false2021.03 | 39.9 | 34.4 | 42.4 | 36.6 | 42.1 | 38.2 | 39.8 | 34.7 | 40.2 | 45.6 | 60.8 | 39 | 42.6 | 42 | 29.8 | 31.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DiffPose (Stand-Diff)N=2432024.03 | 40.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 31.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TKCSProtocol=#1, Ground-truth 2D labels=false, Post-processing alignment/transform=None2020.04 | 40.1 | 36.2 | 38.1 | 42.7 | 35.9 | 38.2 | 45.7 | 36.8 | 42 | 45.9 | 51.3 | 41.8 | 41.5 | 33.1 | 43.8 | 28.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| STCFormerN=243, Category=Deterministic: Non-Disentangle based2024.03 | 40.5 | 38.4 | 41.2 | 36.8 | 38 | 42.7 | 50.5 | 38.7 | 38.2 | 52.5 | 56.8 | 41.8 | 38.4 | 40.2 | 26.2 | 27.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| VideoPose3D (27f)Parameters=8.56M, FLOPS=17.09M, Input Source=Ground-truth 2D poses, Test-time augmentation=false, Receptive field=27 frames, Dilation=true2018.11 | 40.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MixSTEN=243, Category=Deterministic: Non-Disentangle based2024.03 | 40.9 | 37.6 | 40.9 | 37.3 | 39.7 | 42.3 | 49.9 | 40.1 | 39.8 | 51.7 | 55 | 42.1 | 39.8 | 41 | 27.9 | 27.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Lee et al.Input type=GT 2D, Number of frames (F)=1, Temporal information usage=false2019.08 | 40.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LeeInput=Ground Truth 2D Pose2020.04 | 40.9 | 34.6 | 39.7 | 37.2 | 40.9 | 45.6 | 50.5 | 42 | 42.1 | 47.3 | 48.1 | 39.5 | 38 | 31.9 | 41.5 | 37.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MixSTEInput length (T)=2432023.01 | 40.9 | 37.6 | 40.9 | 37.3 | 39.7 | 42.3 | 49.9 | 40.1 | 39.8 | 51.7 | 55 | 42.1 | 39.8 | 41 | 27.9 | 27.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MixSTESequence length (T)=243, Number of hypotheses (K)=1, Oracle hypothesis=false, 2D input poses=detected2023.12 | 40.9 | 37.6 | 40.9 | 37.3 | 39.7 | 42.3 | 49.9 | 40.1 | 39.8 | 51.7 | 55 | 42.1 | 39.8 | 41 | 27.9 | 27.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| VideoPose3D (27f w/o dilation)Parameters=29.53M, FLOPS=59.03M, Input Source=Ground-truth 2D poses, Test-time augmentation=false, Receptive field=27 frames, Dilation=false2018.11 | 41.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| WangProtocol=Protocol #1, Use pose refinement and spatio-temporal information=true2020.03 | 41.4 | 40.2 | 42.5 | 42.6 | 41.1 | 46.7 | 56.7 | — | 42.3 | 56.2 | 60.4 | 46.3 | 42.2 | 46.2 | 31.7 | 31 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Hossain & LittleParameters=16.96M, FLOPS=33.88M, Input Source=Ground-truth 2D poses, Test-time augmentation=false2018.11 | 41.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ChenProcrustes Analysis=true2019.12 | 41.6 | 36.9 | 39.3 | 40.5 | 41.2 | 42 | 34.9 | 38 | 51.2 | 67.5 | 42.1 | 42.5 | 37.5 | 30.6 | 40.2 | 34.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ManiPoseSequence length (T)=243, Number of hypotheses (K)=5, Oracle hypothesis=false, 2D input poses=detected2023.12 | 42.1 | 39.6 | 45.8 | 41.9 | 37.1 | 42.7 | 52.3 | 47.7 | 39.5 | 42.7 | 53.3 | 42.6 | 40.9 | 48.2 | 27 | 30 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SemGCN w/ PGInput source=2D Ground Truth, Pose refinement=PG2019.04 | 42.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UGCN2D Pose=HR-Net2020.04 | 42.6 | 38.2 | 41 | 45.9 | 39.7 | 41.4 | 51.4 | 41.6 | 41.4 | 52 | 57.4 | 41.8 | 44.4 | 41.6 | 33.1 | 30 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LinProtocol=Protocol #12020.03 | 42.6 | 42.5 | 44.8 | 42.6 | 44.2 | 48.5 | 57.1 | — | 41.4 | 56.5 | 64.5 | 47.4 | 43 | 48.1 | 33 | 35.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| HSTFormerInput length (T)=812023.01 | 42.7 | 39.5 | 42 | 39.9 | 40.8 | 44.4 | 50.9 | 40.9 | 41.3 | 54.7 | 58.8 | 43.6 | 40.7 | 43.4 | 30.1 | 30.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| P-STMON=243, Category=Deterministic: Non-Disentangle based2024.03 | 42.8 | 38.9 | 42.7 | 40.4 | 41.1 | 45.6 | 49.7 | 40.9 | 39.9 | 55.5 | 59.4 | 44.9 | 42.2 | 42.7 | 29.4 | 29.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| P-STMOInput length (T)=2432023.01 | 42.8 | 38.9 | 42.7 | 40.4 | 41.1 | 45.6 | 49.7 | 40.9 | 39.9 | 55.5 | 59.4 | 44.9 | 42.2 | 42.7 | 29.4 | 29.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SnapPose3DNumber of hypotheses (H)=20, Aggregation=Median2026.04 | 42.8 | 43.2 | 41.3 | 41.4 | 39 | 40.5 | 44.8 | 43.9 | 47.5 | 46.2 | 50.5 | 43.2 | 40 | 41.5 | 40.5 | 34.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Cheng et al.Protocol=#1, Ground-truth 2D labels=false, Post-processing alignment/transform=None2020.04 | 42.9 | 38.3 | 41.3 | 46.1 | 40.1 | 41.6 | 51.9 | 41.8 | 40.9 | 51.5 | 58.4 | 42.2 | 44.6 | 33.7 | 41.7 | 30.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MHFormerN=351, H=3, Category=Probabilistic2024.03 | 43 | 39.2 | 43.1 | 40.1 | 40.9 | 44.9 | 51.2 | 40.6 | 41.3 | 53.5 | 60.3 | 43.7 | 41.1 | 43.8 | 29.8 | 30.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |