Unconditional Image Generation on CIFAR-10 32 x 32
1.86FIDStyleGAN-XL
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| StyleGAN-XLFamily=GAN, NFE=12026.05 | 1.86 | — | — | 67.4 | 46.7 | 3.6 | |
| SDMSchedule=EDM (rho = 7), Diffusion Model Type=VP2026.02 | 1.93 | — | 31 | — | — | — | |
| SDMSchedule=SDM (Adaptive Scheduling), Diffusion Model Type=VP2026.02 | 1.93 | — | 32 | — | — | — | |
| HeunSchedule=SDM (Adaptive Scheduling), Diffusion Model Type=VE2026.02 | 1.95 | — | 35 | — | — | — | |
| HeunSchedule=EDM (rho = 7), Diffusion Model Type=VP2026.02 | 1.96 | — | 35 | — | — | — | |
| EDMFamily=Diffusion / score-based / consistency, NFE=multi-NFE2026.05 | 1.96 | 9.91 | — | 67.5 | 61.8 | 14.6 | |
| HeunSchedule=EDM (rho = 7), Diffusion Model Type=VE2026.02 | 1.97 | — | 35 | — | — | — | |
| SDMSchedule=EDM (rho = 7), Diffusion Model Type=VE2026.02 | 1.97 | — | 32 | — | — | — | |
| SDMSchedule=SDM (Adaptive Scheduling), Diffusion Model Type=VE2026.02 | 1.97 | — | 33 | — | — | — | |
| HeunSchedule=SDM (Adaptive Scheduling), Diffusion Model Type=VP2026.02 | 2 | — | 35 | — | — | — | |
| Inductive Moment MatchingFamily=Flow-matching, N=22026.05 | 2.01 | 10.08 | — | 67.4 | 61.5 | 1.7 | |
| HeunSchedule=COS (Williams et al., 2024), Diffusion Model Type=VP2026.02 | 2.08 | — | 35 | — | — | — | |
| HeunSchedule=COS (Williams et al., 2024), Diffusion Model Type=VE2026.02 | 2.1 | — | 35 | — | — | — | |
| ADM-EST'=100, λ(t)=uniform2023.08 | 2.17 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BDDMSampling steps=1002022.03 | 2.38 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SpanLiftCategory=Learnable, NFE=62026.06 | 2.41 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ADM-EST'=50, λ(t)=uniform2023.08 | 2.49 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DyWeightCategory=Learnable, NFE=62026.06 | 2.61 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| S4S-AltCategory=Learnable, NFE=62026.06 | 2.67 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SpanLiftCategory=Learnable, NFE=52026.06 | 2.76 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LSGMFamily=Diffusion / score-based / consistency, NFE=multi-NFE2026.05 | 2.79 | 10.07 | — | 70.3 | 59.6 | 570 | |
| DLMSCategory=Learnable, NFE=62026.06 | 2.81 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Mean FlowsFamily=Flow-matching, N=22026.05 | 2.83 | 10.13 | — | 70.4 | 58.2 | 1.8 | |
| FastDPM (approx. STEP)Sampling steps=1002022.03 | 2.86 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Mean FlowsFamily=Flow-matching, N=12026.05 | 2.87 | 10.1 | — | 68.7 | 58.6 | 1.3 | |
| BDDMSampling steps=502022.03 | 2.93 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DyWeightCategory=Learnable, NFE=52026.06 | 3.02 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Inductive Moment MatchingFamily=Flow-matching, N=12026.05 | 3.16 | 10.1 | — | 65.9 | 59.3 | 1.3 | |
| DDPM (baseline)Sampling steps=10002022.03 | 3.17 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FastDPM (approx. STEP)Sampling steps=502022.03 | 3.2 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DLMSCategory=Learnable, NFE=52026.06 | 3.23 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LD3Category=Learnable, NFE=62026.06 | 3.35 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ADMT'=1002023.08 | 3.37 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Consistency ModelsFamily=Diffusion / score-based / consistency, Mode=CD, NFE=12026.05 | 3.57 | 9.72 | — | 68.8 | 56 | 1.8 | |
| SpanLiftCategory=Learnable, NFE=42026.06 | 3.57 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| OT-CFMFamily=Flow-matching, NFE=multi-NFE2026.05 | 3.68 | 9.25 | — | 65.2 | 59.2 | 21.1 | |
| DDPM (sub-VP)Sampling steps=~ 1002022.03 | 3.69 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Flow MatchingFamily=Flow-matching, NFE=multi-NFE2026.05 | 3.72 | 9.28 | — | 65.1 | 58.9 | 23.8 | |
| S4S-AltCategory=Learnable, NFE=52026.06 | 3.73 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DyWeightCategory=Learnable, NFE=42026.06 | 3.92 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RS-IMLE + RTMFamily=IMLE, NFE=1, H=16, L=12026.05 | 3.97 | 10.08 | — | 89.6 | 77.3 | 6.7 | |
| DDIM (quadratic)Sampling steps=1002022.03 | 4.16 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DDPMExtra Data=–, Training Time=–, MACs=0.61T, Speed=1×2026.03 | 4.19 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Full Prec.Bits (W/A)=32/32, Sampler=DDIM2023.11 | 4.23 | 9.04 | — | — | — | — | |
| TFMQ-DMBits (W/A)=8/8, Sampler=DDIM2023.11 | 4.24 | 9.07 | — | — | — | — | |
| DDPM*Extra Data=–, Training Time=–, MACs=0.61T, Speed=1×2026.03 | 4.25 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ADM-ES*T'=20, λ(t)=linear2023.08 | 4.31 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EPD-SolverCategory=Learnable, NFE=52026.06 | 4.33 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ADMT'=502023.08 | 4.43 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EPD-PluginCategory=Learnable, NFE=52026.06 | 4.47 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DLMSCategory=Learnable, NFE=42026.06 | 4.52 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ProxDM (hybrid)Family=Diffusion / score-based / consistency, NFE=multi-NFE2026.05 | 4.55 | 8.98 | — | 65.8 | 57 | 185 | |
| Improved DDPM (hybrid)Sampling steps=1002022.03 | 4.63 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Timestep-Aware Block MaskingExtra Data=✗, Training Time=0.2h, MACs=0.34T, Speed=1.63×2026.03 | 4.66 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DDIM (quadratic)Sampling steps=502022.03 | 4.67 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CTExtra Data=✓, Training Time=–, Speed=1.62×2026.03 | 4.68 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DeepCacheExtra Data=✗, Training Time=✗, MACs=0.35T, Speed=1.61×2026.03 | 4.7 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TFMQ-DMBits (W/A)=4/32, Sampler=DDIM2023.11 | 4.73 | 9.14 | — | — | — | — | |
| Q-Diffusion†Bits (W/A)=8/8, Sampler=DDIM2023.11 | 4.78 | 8.89 | — | — | — | — | |
| TFMQ-DMBits (W/A)=4/8, Sampler=DDIM2023.11 | 4.78 | 9.13 | — | — | — | — | |
| RGMFamily=Diffusion / score-based / consistency, Mode=KLD-D, Steps=42026.05 | 4.85 | 9.28 | — | 65.3 | 52.6 | 1.4 | |
| Q-Diffusion†Bits (W/A)=4/8, Sampler=DDIM2023.11 | 4.98 | 9.12 | — | — | — | — | |
| iPNDM(3M)Category=Handcrafted, NFE=62026.06 | 5.07 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Q-Diffusion†Bits (W/A)=4/32, Sampler=DDIM2023.11 | 5.08 | 8.78 | — | — | — | — | |
| Improved DDPM (hybrid)Sampling steps=502022.03 | 5.09 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PTQ4DM*Bits (W/A)=4/8, Sampler=DDIM2023.11 | 5.14 | 8.93 | — | — | — | — | |
| ADM-EST'=20, λ(t)=uniform2023.08 | 5.15 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DDPM (DP + reweighting)Sampling steps=1282022.03 | 5.24 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Diff-PruningExtra Data=✓, Training Time=–, MACs=0.34T, Speed=1.37×2026.03 | 5.29 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PTQ4DM*Bits (W/A)=4/32, Sampler=DDIM2023.11 | 5.65 | 9.02 | — | — | — | — | |
| RS-IMLE BaselineFamily=IMLE, NFE=12026.05 | 5.69 | 10 | — | 85.3 | 73.8 | 6.4 | |
| SpanLiftCategory=Learnable, NFE=32026.06 | 5.69 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DPMPP(3M)Category=Handcrafted, NFE=62026.06 | 5.97 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TDQBits (W/A)=8/8, Sampler=DDIM2023.11 | 5.99 | 8.85 | — | — | — | — | |
| EulerSchedule=SDM (Adaptive Scheduling), Diffusion Model Type=VP2026.02 | 6.18 | — | 17 | — | — | — | |
| S4S-AltCategory=Learnable, NFE=42026.06 | 6.35 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LD3Category=Learnable, NFE=52026.06 | 6.39 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EulerSchedule=SDM (Adaptive Scheduling), Diffusion Model Type=VE2026.02 | 6.48 | — | 17 | — | — | — | |
| AMED-PluginCategory=Learnable, NFE=52026.06 | 6.61 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DDPM (DP + reweighting)Sampling steps=642022.03 | 6.74 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| AMED-SolverCategory=Learnable, NFE=62026.06 | 7.04 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EulerSchedule=COS (Williams et al., 2024), Diffusion Model Type=VE2026.02 | 7.25 | — | 17 | — | — | — | |
| VDM (augmented)Sampling steps=10002022.03 | 7.41 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EulerSchedule=COS (Williams et al., 2024), Diffusion Model Type=VP2026.02 | 7.43 | — | 17 | — | — | — | |
| AMED-SolverCategory=Learnable, NFE=52026.06 | 7.59 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EulerSchedule=EDM (rho = 7), Diffusion Model Type=VP2026.02 | 7.61 | — | 17 | — | — | — | |
| EulerSchedule=EDM (rho = 7), Diffusion Model Type=VE2026.02 | 7.75 | — | 17 | — | — | — | |
| iPNDM(3M)Category=Handcrafted, NFE=52026.06 | 7.77 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DyWeightCategory=Learnable, NFE=32026.06 | 8.16 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| StyleGAN2Family=GAN, NFE=12026.05 | 8.32 | 9.21 | — | — | — | — | |
| Consistency ModelsFamily=Diffusion / score-based / consistency, Mode=CT, NFE=12026.05 | 8.79 | 8.61 | — | 70.2 | 41.9 | 1.5 | |
| LD3Category=Learnable, NFE=42026.06 | 9.31 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DPMPP(3M)Category=Handcrafted, NFE=52026.06 | 9.94 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ADMT'=202023.08 | 10.36 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EPD-SolverCategory=Learnable, NFE=32026.06 | 10.4 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| EPD-PluginCategory=Learnable, NFE=32026.06 | 10.54 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| AMED-PluginCategory=Learnable, NFE=32026.06 | 10.81 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| UniPC(3M)Category=Handcrafted, NFE=62026.06 | 11.14 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DDPMFamily=Diffusion / score-based / consistency, NFE=multi-NFE2026.05 | 11.18 | 8.62 | — | 61.9 | 56.7 | 13.3 | |
| NVAE+VAEBMFamily=Diffusion / score-based / consistency, NFE=multi-NFE2026.05 | 12.19 | 8.43 | — | — | — | — |