UAV-UGV Landing on Various experimental setups Literature Comparison
1Landing Distance Error (cm)MI + Vision
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MI + VisionLocalization Method=MI + Vision, Infrastructure-less=✓, Moving Landing=✗, UAV-UGV Teaming=✗, Field Test=Sim. + Indoor, Nano-UAV=✗2026.03 | 1 | — | — | |
| MechanicalLocalization Method=Mechanical, Infrastructure-less=✗, Moving Landing=✓, UAV-UGV Teaming=✓, Field Test=Indoor, Nano-UAV=✗2026.03 | 4.5 | — | — | |
| UWB + MILocalization Method=UWB + MI, Infrastructure-less=✗, Moving Landing=✗, UAV-UGV Teaming=✗, Field Test=Outdoor, Nano-UAV=✗2026.03 | 7 | — | — | |
| MI localization systemLocalization Method=MI (+UWB), Infrastructure-less=✓, Moving Landing=✓, UAV-UGV Teaming=✓, Field Test=✓, Nano-UAV=✓2026.03 | 7.2 | — | — | |
| GNSS + UWBLocalization Method=GNSS + UWB, Infrastructure-less=✗, Moving Landing=✗, UAV-UGV Teaming=✗ (static sensors), Field Test=Outdoor, Nano-UAV=✗2026.03 | 10 | — | — | |
| UWB ranging (2 UAVs)Localization Method=UWB ranging (2 UAVs), Infrastructure-less=✓, Moving Landing=✗, UAV-UGV Teaming=✓, Field Test=Outdoor, Nano-UAV=✗2026.03 | 14 | — | — | |
| GNSS + VisionLocalization Method=GNSS + Vision, Infrastructure-less=✗, Moving Landing=✓, UAV-UGV Teaming=✓, Field Test=Simulation, Nano-UAV=✗2026.03 | 20 | — | — | |
| VisionLocalization Method=Vision, Infrastructure-less=✗, Moving Landing=✓, UAV-UGV Teaming=✓ (boat), Field Test=Outdoor, Nano-UAV=✓2026.03 | 20 | — | — | |
| UWB + VisionLocalization Method=UWB + Vision, Infrastructure-less=✗, Moving Landing=-, UAV-UGV Teaming=✗, Field Test=Indoor, Nano-UAV=✓2026.03 | 30 | — | — | |
| UWBLocalization Method=UWB, Infrastructure-less=✓, Moving Landing=-, UAV-UGV Teaming=✗, Field Test=Indoor, Nano-UAV=✓2026.03 | 39 | — | — | |
| VisionLocalization Method=Vision, Infrastructure-less=✓, Moving Landing=✓, UAV-UGV Teaming=✗, Field Test=Sim. + Indoor, Nano-UAV=✓2026.03 | — | — | 80 | |
| Vision + motionLocalization Method=Vision + motion, Infrastructure-less=✓, Moving Landing=✓, UAV-UGV Teaming=✗, Field Test=Simulation, Nano-UAV=✗2026.03 | — | 5 | — |