ResearchBenchmarksTopographic Mapping on Digits scikit-learn (train test combined)Topographic Mapping on Digits scikit-learn (train test combined)Follow0.991TWGTM0.9862160.9874580.98870.989942Apr 15, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksTWCNQEIterationsTime per Iteration (ms)GTMm=15, s=2.385, λreg=0.558m=15, s=2.385, λreg=0.5582026.040.9910.97461.15188958.85STVQfσ=0.0556, λ=0.154σ=0.0556, λ=0.1542026.040.98720.96850.93153325.96BSOMσ=0.0812σ=0.08122026.040.98710.96571.22172111.45SOM-OLPγ=0.815, λ=0.331γ=0.815, λ=0.3312026.040.98640.97610.88953729.77