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Time-to-accuracy Language Modeling on GPT-2 Medium (train)

29.47Training Time (h)PACI
23.56663.418103.27143.122Jun 5, 2026

Evaluation results

MethodLinks
PACIBatch=256, PPL threshold=≤ 18, Num. micro=162026.0629.471.241.24
FlushBatch=256, PPL threshold=≤ 18, Num. micro=162026.0636.5711
PACIBatch=128, PPL threshold=≤ 18, Num. micro=82026.0637.321.691.55
PACIBatch=256, PPL threshold=≤ 18, Num. micro=82026.0640.161.240.91
PACIBatch=256, PPL threshold=≤ 17, Num. micro=162026.0645.151.331.33
FlushBatch=256, PPL threshold=≤ 18, Num. micro=82026.0649.8510.73
PACIBatch=128, PPL threshold=≤ 18, Num. micro=42026.0650.571.751.14
PACIBatch=128, PPL threshold=≤ 17, Num. micro=82026.0652.861.741.59
FlushBatch=128, PPL threshold=≤ 18, Num. micro=162026.0657.7211
FlushBatch=256, PPL threshold=≤ 17, Num. micro=162026.0659.9911
PACIBatch=256, PPL threshold=≤ 17, Num. micro=82026.0660.181.361
FlushBatch=128, PPL threshold=≤ 18, Num. micro=82026.0663.0310.92
PACIBatch=256, PPL threshold=≤ 16, Num. micro=162026.06641.361.36
PACIBatch=128, PPL threshold=≤ 17, Num. micro=42026.0669.891.851.21
PACIBatch=128, PPL threshold=≤ 16, Num. micro=82026.0670.311.81.64
FlushBatch=256, PPL threshold=≤ 17, Num. micro=82026.0681.7710.73
PACIBatch=256, PPL threshold=≤ 16, Num. micro=82026.0684.111.421.04
FlushBatch=128, PPL threshold=≤ 17, Num. micro=162026.0684.2911
FlushBatch=256, PPL threshold=≤ 16, Num. micro=162026.0687.3211
FlushBatch=128, PPL threshold=≤ 18, Num. micro=42026.0688.3910.65
FlushBatch=128, PPL threshold=≤ 17, Num. micro=82026.0692.0510.92
PACIBatch=128, PPL threshold=≤ 16, Num. micro=42026.0692.921.911.24
FlushBatch=128, PPL threshold=≤ 16, Num. micro=162026.06115.6311
FlushBatch=256, PPL threshold=≤ 16, Num. micro=82026.06119.0210.73
FlushBatch=128, PPL threshold=≤ 16, Num. micro=82026.06126.2810.92
FlushBatch=128, PPL threshold=≤ 17, Num. micro=42026.06129.0810.65
FlushBatch=128, PPL threshold=≤ 16, Num. micro=42026.06177.0710.65