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Symbolic Reasoning on Letter

92.4AccuracyMeta-Reasoning Paradigm
-3.69621.25246.271.148Mar 21, 2022Nov 19, 2022Jul 20, 2023Mar 20, 2024Nov 18, 2024Jul 19, 2025Mar 20, 2026

Evaluation results

MethodLinks
Meta-Reasoning ParadigmModel=ChatGPT (GPT-3.5-Turbo), Evaluation Protocol=Few-Shot2023.0692.4
Meta-Reasoning ParadigmModel=175B GPT-3 (text-davinci-003), Evaluation Protocol=Few-Shot2023.0691.6
RM-RegenModel=Llama3.1-8B, Verification Setting=Oracle2026.0389.33
Self-AgreementBackbone=GPT-3.5-turbo, Scenario=Question type unknown, answer format known2023.1188.9
RM-RegenModel=GPT-3.5, Verification Setting=Oracle2026.0387.33
Meta-Reasoning ParadigmModel=175B GPT-3 (text-davinci-002), Evaluation Protocol=Few-Shot2023.0686
Self-AgreementBackbone=GPT-3.5-turbo, Scenario=Question type and answer format unknown2023.1183.8
Mixed-Few-Shot CoTBackbone=GPT-3.5-turbo, Scenario=Question type unknown, answer format known2023.1183
Zero-Shot CoTBackbone=GPT-3.5-turbo, Scenario=Question type and answer format unknown2023.1181
Reflexion(3 iters)Model=Llama3.1-8B, Verification Setting=Oracle2026.0380.67
Chain-of-Thought ParadigmModel=ChatGPT (GPT-3.5-Turbo), Evaluation Protocol=Few-Shot2023.0680.2
RM-RegenBase Model=Llama 3.1-8B2026.0379.33
Self-ConsistencyBackbone=GPT-3.5-turbo, Scenario=Question type unknown, answer format known2023.1179.1
Reflexion(3 iters)Model=GPT-3.5, Verification Setting=Oracle2026.0378.67
RM-RegenBase Model=GPT-3.52026.0377.33
Chain-of-Thought ParadigmModel=ChatGPT (GPT-3.5-Turbo), Evaluation Protocol=Zero-Shot2023.0675.6
ProCoBase Model=GPT-3.5, Iterations=22026.0374.67
Best-of-N (N=3)Model=GPT-3.5, Verification Setting=Oracle2026.0374.67
ProCoBase Model=GPT-3.5, Iterations=32026.0374
Self-consistencyModel=GPT-3 (Code-davinci-002)2022.0373.4
ST CoTBase Model=GPT-3.5, Iterations=22026.0372.67
ST CoTBase Model=GPT-3.5, Iterations=32026.0372.67
ST CoTBase Model=GPT-3.5, Iterations=42026.0372.67
ProCoBase Model=Llama 3.1-8B, Iterations=32026.0371.33
ProCoBase Model=Llama 3.1-8B, Iterations=52026.0371.33
Self-consistencyModel=PaLM-540B2022.0370.8
ProCoBase Model=Llama 3.1-8B, Iterations=22026.0370.67
Best-of-N (N=3)Model=Llama3.1-8B, Verification Setting=Oracle2026.0370.67
Chain-of-Thought ParadigmModel=175B GPT-3 (text-davinci-003), Evaluation Protocol=Few-Shot2023.0670.6
CoT-promptingModel=GPT-3 (Code-davinci-002)2022.0370.4
ProCoBase Model=GPT-3.5, Iterations=42026.0368.67
ReflectEvoModel=Llama3.1-8B, Verification Setting=Oracle2026.0368.67
CoT-promptingModel=PaLM-540B2022.0365.8
Chain-of-Thought ParadigmModel=175B GPT-3 (text-davinci-003), Evaluation Protocol=Zero-Shot2023.0664.8
ProCoBase Model=Llama 3.1-8B, Iterations=42026.0364.67
ST CoTBase Model=Llama 3.1-8B, Iterations=22026.0362
Multi-Agents (Debate)Backbone=GPT-3.5-turbo, Scenario=Question type unknown, answer format known2023.1161.3
ST CoTBase Model=Llama 3.1-8B, Iterations=42026.0359.33
Chain-of-Thought ParadigmModel=175B GPT-3 (text-davinci-002), Evaluation Protocol=Few-Shot2023.0659
ST CoTBase Model=Llama 3.1-8B, Iterations=32026.0358
ST CoTBase Model=Llama 3.1-8B, Iterations=52026.0358
Chain-of-Thought ParadigmModel=175B GPT-3 (text-davinci-002), Evaluation Protocol=Zero-Shot2023.0657.6
Reflexion(3 iters)Model=Gemma2-9B, Verification Setting=Oracle2026.0351.33
Self-RefineBase Model=Llama 3.1-8B, Iterations=22026.0347.33
Self-RefineBase Model=GPT-3.5, Iterations=32026.0346
Self-AgreementBackbone=Llama-2-13B-Chat, Scenario=Question type and answer format unknown2023.1144.5
RM-RegenModel=Gemma2-9B, Verification Setting=Oracle2026.0344.29
ReflectEvoModel=Gemma2-9B, Verification Setting=Oracle2026.0342.14
Self-RefineBase Model=GPT-3.5, Iterations=42026.0341.33
Self-RefineBase Model=Llama 3.1-8B, Iterations=42026.0341.33
Self-RefineBase Model=GPT-3.5, Iterations=22026.0340
Self-RefineBase Model=Llama 3.1-8B, Iterations=32026.0340
Best-of-N (N=3)Model=Gemma2-9B, Verification Setting=Oracle2026.0334.67
Zero-Shot CoTBackbone=Llama-2-13B-Chat, Scenario=Question type and answer format unknown2023.1131
Self-RefineBase Model=Llama 3.1-8B, Iterations=52026.0330.67
Multi-Agents (Debate)Backbone=Llama-2-13B-Chat, Scenario=Question type unknown, answer format known2023.1127
Self-AgreementBackbone=Llama-2-13B-Chat, Scenario=Question type unknown, answer format known2023.1123.1
Mixed-Few-Shot CoTBackbone=Llama-2-13B-Chat, Scenario=Question type unknown, answer format known2023.1119
Self-ConsistencyBackbone=Llama-2-13B-Chat, Scenario=Question type unknown, answer format known2023.1116
Self-consistencyModel=GPT-3 (Code-davinci-001)2022.0310
CoT-promptingModel=LaMDA-137B2022.038.2
Self-consistencyModel=LaMDA-137B2022.038.2
CoT-promptingModel=GPT-3 (Code-davinci-001)2022.037.8
Standard Prompting ParadigmModel=175B GPT-3 (text-davinci-002), Evaluation Protocol=Zero-Shot2023.060.2
Standard Prompting ParadigmModel=175B GPT-3 (text-davinci-002), Evaluation Protocol=Few-Shot2023.060.2
CoT-promptingModel=UL2-20B2022.030
Self-consistencyModel=UL2-20B2022.030