ResearchBenchmarksSymbolic ODE discovery on Duffing oscillator Benchmark 3Symbolic ODE discovery on Duffing oscillator Benchmark 3Follow0.109Mean Relative L2 Error ($u_t$)LGF0.055160.418580.7821.14542Apr 17, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksMean Relative L2 Error ($u_t$)Mean Relative L2 Error ($\dot{u}_t$)Mean Relative L2 Error ($\ddot{u}_t$)ComplexityLGF2026.040.1090.1410.1943LGF2026.040.4190.3230.33449PySR2026.040.5570.5750.55128PySR2026.041.4551.4921.632