Semantic Segmentation on SYNTHIA to Cityscapes (val)
88.2Rider IoUProDA
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ProDA2021.11 | 88.2 | 55.5 | — | 87.8 | 45.7 | 84.6 | 37.1 | 0.6 | 44 | — | — | 74.2 | 24.3 | 51.1 | — | 40.5 | 45.6 | — | 37 | 88.1 | 54.6 | — | — | — | — | 84.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DAFormer2021.11 | 87.2 | 60.9 | — | 84.5 | 40.7 | 88.4 | 41.5 | 6.5 | 50 | — | — | 73.2 | 48.2 | 53.2 | — | 53.9 | 61.7 | — | 54.6 | 86 | 55 | — | — | — | — | 89.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SPCLBackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 86.9 | 47.2 | — | 86.9 | 43.2 | 81.6 | 16.2 | 0.2 | 31.4 | 12.7 | — | 63.2 | 23.7 | 56.1 | — | 33.8 | 45.7 | 54.4 | — | 83.1 | — | 12.1 | — | — | — | 78.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PixMatchBackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 85.7 | 46.1 | — | 92.5 | 54.6 | 79.8 | 4.8 | 0.1 | 24.1 | 22.8 | — | 60.8 | 24.7 | 33.5 | — | 26.4 | 54.4 | 54.5 | — | 79.4 | — | 17.8 | — | — | — | 76.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CorDA2021.11 | 85.6 | 55 | — | 93.3 | 61.6 | 85.3 | 19.6 | 5.1 | 37.8 | — | — | 69.7 | 41.8 | 38.4 | — | 32.6 | 53.9 | — | 42.8 | 84.9 | 36.6 | — | — | — | — | 90.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PLCABackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 85.6 | 46.8 | — | 82.6 | 29 | 81 | 11.2 | 0.2 | 33.6 | 24.9 | — | 62.1 | 26.5 | 48.9 | — | 26.8 | 52.2 | 54 | — | 82.8 | — | 18.3 | — | — | — | 82.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FADABackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 85.4 | 45.2 | — | 84.5 | 40.1 | 83.1 | 4.8 | 0 | 34.3 | 20.1 | — | 53.5 | 22.6 | 43.7 | — | 26.8 | 27.8 | 52.5 | — | 84.8 | — | 27.2 | — | — | — | 84 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| APODABackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 84.1 | — | — | 86.4 | 41.3 | 79.3 | — | — | — | 22.6 | — | 56.9 | 21 | 49.1 | — | 24.6 | 45.7 | 53.1 | — | 80.3 | — | 17.3 | — | — | — | 81.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FDABackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 83.9 | — | — | 79.3 | 35 | 73.2 | — | — | — | 19.9 | — | 61.4 | 31.1 | 40.8 | — | 38.4 | 51.1 | 52.5 | — | 61.7 | — | 24 | — | — | — | 82.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SPCLBackbone=VGG-162021.11 | 83.3 | 40.5 | — | 86.6 | 41 | 79.5 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 28.5 | 0 | — | 54.8 | 14.5 | 36.3 | — | 19.7 | 32.3 | 48.3 | — | 80.5 | — | 6.8 | — | — | — | 82.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DACS2021.11 | 82.9 | 48.3 | — | 80.6 | 25.1 | 81.9 | 21.5 | 2.9 | 37.2 | — | — | 67.6 | 38.3 | 38.9 | — | 28.5 | 47.6 | — | 24 | 83.7 | 22.7 | — | — | — | — | 90.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CRSTBackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 82.8 | 43.8 | — | 67.7 | 32.2 | 73.9 | 10.7 | 1.6 | 37.4 | 22.2 | — | 60.8 | 29.1 | 25 | — | 19.4 | 45.3 | 50.1 | — | 80.8 | — | 31.2 | — | — | — | 80.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SSF-DANBackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 82 | — | — | 84.6 | 41.7 | 80.8 | — | — | — | 11.5 | — | 57.5 | 21.6 | 36 | — | 19.3 | 34.5 | 50 | — | 80.8 | — | 14.7 | — | — | — | 85.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CAG-UDABackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 81.8 | — | — | 84.8 | 41.7 | 85.5 | — | — | — | 13.7 | — | 66.3 | 28.1 | 21.8 | — | 22.9 | 49 | 52.6 | — | 86.5 | — | 23 | — | — | — | 78.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CBST2021.11 | 81.6 | 42.6 | — | 68 | 29.9 | 76.3 | 10.8 | 1.4 | 33.9 | — | — | 60.6 | 28.3 | 23.5 | — | 18.8 | 39.8 | — | 29.5 | 77.6 | 22.8 | — | — | — | — | 78.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CBSTBackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 81.6 | 42.6 | — | 68 | 29.9 | 76.3 | 10.8 | 1.4 | 33.9 | 22.8 | — | 60.6 | 28.3 | 23.5 | — | 18.8 | 39.8 | 48.9 | — | 77.6 | — | 29.5 | — | — | — | 78.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CCMBackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 80.7 | 45.2 | — | 79.6 | 36.4 | 80.6 | 13.3 | 0.3 | 25.5 | 22.4 | — | 56.8 | 25.9 | 45.3 | — | 29.9 | 52 | 52.9 | — | 81.8 | — | 14.9 | — | — | — | 77.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| WeakSegDABackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 80.5 | 44.3 | — | 92 | 53.5 | 80.9 | 11.4 | 0.4 | 21.8 | 3.8 | — | 60.8 | 24.4 | 39 | — | 26 | 41.7 | 51.9 | — | 81.6 | — | 6 | — | — | — | 84.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| IntraDABackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 78 | 41.7 | — | 84.3 | 37.7 | 79.5 | 5.3 | 0.4 | 24.9 | 9.2 | — | 57.2 | 23 | 38.1 | — | 20.3 | 36.5 | 48.9 | — | 80 | — | 8.4 | — | — | — | 84.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| FADABackbone=VGG-162021.11 | 77.7 | 39.5 | — | 80.4 | 35.9 | 80.9 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 30.4 | 7.9 | — | 48.9 | 16.8 | 31.1 | — | 13.5 | 17.9 | 46 | — | 81.8 | — | 22.3 | — | — | — | 83.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Source OnlyBackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 77.1 | 35.3 | — | 56.8 | 21.5 | 75.5 | 5.3 | 0.1 | 26.2 | 10.3 | — | 53.6 | 15.6 | 30.3 | — | 10.9 | 17.5 | 41 | — | 77.2 | — | 13.8 | — | — | — | 73.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CrCDABackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 76.8 | 42.9 | — | 86.2 | 44.9 | 79.5 | 8.3 | 0.7 | 27.8 | 9.4 | — | 57.2 | 26.1 | 39.9 | — | 21.5 | 32.1 | 50 | — | 78.6 | — | 11.8 | — | — | — | 86.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CLANBackbone=VGG-162021.11 | 73.8 | — | — | 80.4 | 30.7 | 74.7 | — | — | — | 1.4 | — | 46.5 | 8.9 | 18.2 | — | 2.2 | 9.9 | 39.3 | — | 77.1 | — | 8 | — | — | — | 79 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| BDLBackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 73.7 | — | — | 86 | 46.7 | 80.3 | — | — | — | 14.1 | — | 54.1 | 27.9 | 42.2 | — | 25.7 | 45.3 | 51.4 | — | 79.2 | — | 11.6 | — | — | — | 81.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LDRBackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 73.2 | — | — | 85.1 | 44.5 | 81 | — | — | — | 16.4 | — | 59.4 | 31.9 | 41 | — | 32.6 | 44.7 | 53.1 | — | 80.1 | — | 15.2 | — | — | — | 84.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CrCDABackbone=VGG-162021.11 | 73.1 | 35.2 | — | 74.5 | 30.5 | 78.6 | 6.6 | 0.7 | 21.2 | 2.3 | — | 45.9 | 16.5 | 24.1 | — | 9.6 | 14.2 | 41.1 | — | 77.4 | — | 8.4 | — | — | — | 79.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CLANBackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 73 | — | — | 81.3 | 37 | 80.1 | — | — | — | 16.1 | — | 53.4 | 21.2 | 32.9 | — | 22.6 | 30.7 | 47.8 | — | 78.2 | — | 13.7 | — | — | — | 81.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MICArch.=T2025.12 | 73 | — | — | 89.9 | 87.4 | 96.2 | 71.3 | 8.4 | 66.7 | 81.5 | — | 98.5 | 89.1 | 97.3 | 93.5 | 78.2 | 71.5 | — | 69.7 | 95.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 79.2 | 21.2 | |
| AdventBackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 72.7 | 40.8 | — | 87 | 44.1 | 79.7 | 9.6 | 0.6 | 24.3 | 4.8 | — | 56.4 | 23.7 | 32.6 | — | 12.8 | 33.7 | 47.6 | — | 80.1 | — | 7.2 | — | — | — | 83.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MIC + BLDAArch.=T2025.12 | 72.5 | — | — | 89.4 | 97.2 | 96 | 73.4 | 17.9 | 72.1 | 87.6 | — | 98.3 | 91.5 | 97.7 | 96.2 | 79.3 | 75.6 | — | 75.8 | 97.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 82.4 | 19.4 | |
| HRDA + BLDAArch.=T2025.12 | 71.6 | — | — | 89.4 | 94.5 | 95.4 | 75.5 | 24.5 | 78.2 | 85.8 | — | 98.8 | 88.9 | 97.4 | 96.9 | 72.6 | 76.2 | — | 74.7 | 97.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 82.4 | 17.9 | |
| AdaptSegNetBackbone=VGG-162021.11 | 71.1 | — | — | 78.9 | 29.2 | 75.5 | — | — | — | 0.1 | — | 43.4 | 8.8 | 16 | — | 3.6 | 8.4 | 37.6 | — | 72.6 | — | 4.8 | — | — | — | 76.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| APODABackbone=VGG-162021.11 | 70.3 | — | — | 82.9 | 31.4 | 72.1 | — | — | — | 10.4 | — | 48.5 | 15.5 | 11.3 | — | 1.2 | 29.4 | 41.1 | — | 75 | — | 9.7 | — | — | — | 76.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SIMBackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 70.2 | — | — | 83 | 44 | 80.3 | — | — | — | 17.1 | — | 59.9 | 33.1 | 37.3 | — | 28.5 | 45.8 | 52.1 | — | 80.5 | — | 15.8 | — | — | — | 81.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| HRDAArch.=T2025.12 | 68.9 | — | — | 90.3 | 85.2 | 96 | 69.4 | 8 | 70.6 | 81.2 | — | 99.1 | 88 | 97.4 | 93.8 | 71.3 | 74 | — | 69.6 | 94.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 78.6 | 21.2 | |
| DAFormer + BLDAArch.=T2025.12 | 68 | — | — | 87.3 | 95.6 | 94.9 | 38.8 | 14.1 | 57.5 | 70.1 | — | 98.9 | 90 | 97.7 | 95.7 | 63.8 | 67.5 | — | 63.3 | 97.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 75.1 | 23.6 | |
| AdventBackbone=VGG-162021.11 | 67.8 | 31.4 | — | 67.9 | 29.4 | 71.9 | 6.3 | 0.3 | 19.9 | 0.6 | — | 35.4 | 9.6 | 21.4 | — | 4.1 | 15.5 | 36.6 | — | 74.9 | — | 2.6 | — | — | — | 74.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| AdaptSegNetBackbone=ResNet-1012021.11 | 67 | 39.5 | — | 79.2 | 37.2 | 78.8 | 10.5 | 0.3 | 25.1 | 9.9 | — | 53.5 | 19.6 | 29.5 | — | 21.6 | 31.3 | 45.9 | — | 78.2 | — | 10.5 | — | — | — | 80.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CBSTBackbone=VGG-162021.11 | 66 | 35.4 | — | 69.6 | 28.7 | 69.5 | 12.1 | 0.1 | 25.4 | 11.9 | — | 49.1 | 14.5 | 6.6 | — | 3.7 | 32.4 | 36.1 | — | 82 | — | 13.6 | — | — | — | 81.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DAFormerArch.=T2025.12 | 63.6 | — | — | 89.8 | 90.2 | 96.2 | 33.8 | 8.3 | 51.9 | 63.1 | — | 98.4 | 86.3 | 96.7 | 83.4 | 55.4 | 61.4 | — | 57.8 | 95.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 70.7 | 25.1 | |
| FDA-MBTSegmentation Model=ResNet1012021.08 | 61.4 | — | — | 79.3 | 35 | 73.2 | — | — | — | — | — | 61.7 | 82.6 | 31.1 | 83.9 | 40.8 | 38.4 | — | — | 24 | — | 19.9 | 52.5 | 51.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ILM-ASSLBackbone=DeepLab-v3+, Annotation Budget=2.2%2023.01 | 60.3 | 76 | — | 96.8 | 76.3 | 90.9 | 48.1 | 54.2 | 62.4 | 69 | 91 | 93.7 | 82.2 | 94.2 | 80 | 63.8 | 76 | — | 77.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 80.9 | — | — | — | |
| ILM-ASSLBackbone=DeepLab-v3+, Annotation Budget=5%2023.01 | 60.1 | 76.6 | — | 97.4 | 80.1 | 91.8 | 38.6 | 55.2 | 64.1 | 70.9 | 91.6 | 94.5 | 82.7 | 94.4 | 81.7 | 66.8 | 77.2 | — | 78.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 82.1 | — | — | — | |
| SIMSegmentation Model=ResNet1012021.08 | 59.9 | — | — | 83 | 44 | 80.3 | — | — | — | — | — | 80.5 | 81.8 | 33.1 | 70.2 | 37.3 | 28.5 | — | — | 15.8 | — | 17.1 | 52.1 | 45.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ILM-ASSLBackbone=DeepLab-v2, Annotation Budget=2.2%2023.01 | 59.7 | 73.7 | — | 96.8 | 76.1 | 89.7 | 47.3 | 52.8 | 56.3 | 62.9 | 91.1 | 93.2 | 78.4 | 93.5 | 78.2 | 58.2 | 74.2 | — | 70.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 78.6 | — | — | — | |
| MIC w/ MRMmodule=MRM2025.09 | 59.7 | 68.1 | — | 87.5 | 53.2 | 89.7 | 48.7 | 7.8 | 61 | — | — | 94.7 | 81.8 | 90.1 | 64.3 | 67.8 | 65.3 | — | 63.1 | 88.6 | 66.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Label-DrivenSegmentation Model=ResNet1012021.08 | 59.4 | — | — | 85.1 | 44.5 | 81 | — | — | — | — | — | 80.1 | 84.8 | 31.9 | 73.2 | 41 | 32.6 | — | — | 15.2 | — | 16.4 | 53.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| HALOBudget=5%, Backbone=SegFormer-B42023.06 | 58.9 | 78.1 | — | 98.3 | 86.5 | 92.6 | 61 | 61.5 | 60.6 | — | 93.2 | 94.6 | 80.8 | 95 | 85.1 | 62.7 | 75.6 | — | — | — | 67.6 | 76.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 82.1 | — | — | — | |
| MIC2024.08 | 58.9 | — | — | 86.6 | 50.5 | 89.3 | 47.9 | 7.8 | 59.4 | — | — | 94.6 | 81 | 90.1 | 61.9 | 67.1 | 64.3 | — | 63.4 | 87.1 | 66.7 | — | — | 67.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 56.7 | — | — | |
| MICArch.=Transformer2025.12 | 58.9 | 67.3 | — | 86.6 | 50.5 | 89.3 | 47.9 | 7.8 | 59.4 | 66.7 | — | 94.6 | 81 | 90.1 | 61.9 | 67.1 | 64.3 | — | 63.4 | 87.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MIC2025.09 | 58.9 | 67.3 | — | 86.6 | 50.5 | 89.3 | 47.9 | 7.8 | 59.4 | — | — | 94.6 | 81 | 90.1 | 61.9 | 67.1 | 64.3 | — | 63.4 | 87.1 | 66.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| ILM-ASSLBackbone=DeepLab-v3+, Annotation Budget=1%2023.01 | 58.2 | 73.2 | — | 96.8 | 74.8 | 90 | 34 | 46.3 | 60.9 | 68 | 90.2 | 92.5 | 81.1 | 93 | 72.3 | 63.4 | 75.6 | — | 74.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 79.3 | — | — | — | |
| HRDA + PiPaBase Method=HRDA [14]2022.11 | 57.6 | 68.2 | — | 88.6 | 50.1 | 90 | 53.8 | 7.7 | 58.1 | — | — | 94.5 | 79.7 | 90.8 | 70.2 | 65.1 | 66.9 | 74.8 | — | 88.5 | 67.2 | 63.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| PiPa2024.08 | 57.6 | — | — | 88.6 | 50.1 | 90 | 53.8 | 7.7 | 58.1 | — | — | 94.5 | 79.7 | 90.8 | 70.2 | 65.1 | 66.9 | — | 63.1 | 88.5 | 67.2 | — | — | 68.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 57.5 | — | — | |
| HALOBudget=5%, Backbone=DeepLab-v22023.06 | 57.4 | 75.6 | — | 97.5 | 81.5 | 91.5 | 56.5 | 52.7 | 57 | — | 92 | 94.4 | 77.8 | 94.4 | 86.1 | 60.5 | 73.5 | — | — | — | 63.2 | 72.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 80.2 | — | — | — | |
| HRDA + CLUDAmodule=CLUDA, seeds=32022.08 | 57.1 | 66.8 | — | 87.7 | 46.9 | 90.2 | 49 | 7.9 | 59.5 | — | — | 94.6 | 80.1 | 89.8 | 68.2 | 65.5 | 65.8 | — | — | 88.3 | 66.9 | 58.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CDACArch.=Transformer2025.12 | 57 | 68.7 | — | 93.1 | 68.5 | 89.8 | 51.2 | 8.9 | 59.4 | 65.5 | — | 94.4 | 81.2 | 90.5 | 56.9 | 66.8 | 66.4 | — | 65.3 | 84.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| GANDA2025.09 | 56.9 | 67 | — | 89.1 | 50.6 | 89.7 | 51.4 | 6.7 | 59.4 | — | — | 93.8 | 80.6 | 90.7 | 64.8 | 62.6 | 65 | — | 57.7 | 86.7 | 66.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| MIC+CSIrelabeled=true2024.08 | 56.6 | — | — | 88.1 | 52.9 | 89.3 | 46 | 8.3 | 59.2 | — | — | 94.6 | 81 | 94.1 | 87 | 66.5 | 66 | — | 60.9 | 84.1 | 66.1 | — | — | 68.8 | — | 28.6 | 76.7 | 74.5 | — | — | — | 67.4 | — | — | |
| QuadMix2025.09 | 56.6 | 67.5 | — | 88.1 | 51.2 | 88.9 | 46.7 | 7.9 | 58.6 | — | — | 93.9 | 81.3 | 90.3 | 66.9 | 66.8 | 66 | — | 63.7 | 88.1 | 64.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| D2ADABudget=5%, Backbone=DeepLab-v22023.06 | 56.4 | 72.7 | — | 96.7 | 76.8 | 90.3 | 48.7 | 51.1 | 54.2 | — | 90.4 | 93.4 | 77.4 | 92.5 | 77.5 | 58.9 | 73.3 | — | — | — | 58.3 | 68 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 77.7 | — | — | — | |
| HALOBudget=2.2%, Backbone=DeepLab-v22023.06 | 54.9 | 72.5 | — | 97.5 | 81.7 | 90.5 | 52.8 | 52.8 | 45.6 | — | 91.2 | 92.6 | 74.5 | 93.3 | 81.6 | 55.2 | 71.1 | — | — | — | 57.3 | 67.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 77.6 | — | — | — | |
| MIC + ECOCSegArch.=Transformer2025.12 | 54.5 | 69 | — | 94.3 | 68.8 | 89 | 42.3 | 13.6 | 60.5 | 68.8 | — | 94.4 | 80.1 | 90.7 | 68.7 | 64 | 67.1 | — | 57.5 | 90.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RIPUBackbone=DeepLab-v3+, Annotation Budget=5%2023.01 | 54.1 | 71.4 | — | 97 | 78.9 | 89.9 | 47.2 | 50.7 | 48.5 | 55.2 | 91.1 | 93 | 74.4 | 92.9 | 79.9 | 55.3 | 71 | — | 63.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 76.7 | — | — | — | |
| RIPUBudget=5%, Backbone=DeepLab-v22023.06 | 54.1 | 71.4 | — | 97 | 78.9 | 89.9 | 47.2 | 50.7 | 48.5 | — | 91.1 | 93 | 74.4 | 92.9 | 79.9 | 55.3 | 71 | — | — | — | 55.2 | 63.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 76.7 | — | — | — | |
| BDLSegmentation Model=ResNet1012021.08 | 54.1 | — | — | 86 | 46.7 | 80.3 | — | — | — | — | — | 79.2 | 81.3 | 27.9 | 73.7 | 42.2 | 25.7 | — | — | 11.6 | — | 14.1 | 51.4 | 45.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| HRDA w/ MRMmodule=MRM2025.09 | 53.2 | 67.1 | — | 90.6 | 55.5 | 88.3 | 49.8 | 7 | 57.8 | — | — | 93.9 | 79.6 | 89.1 | 65.1 | 67.8 | 66 | — | 56.6 | 87.9 | 65.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| RIPUBackbone=DeepLab-v2, Annotation Budget=2.2%2023.01 | 52.9 | 70.1 | — | 96.8 | 76.6 | 89.6 | 45 | 47.7 | 45 | 53 | 90.6 | 92.7 | 73 | 93.1 | 80.5 | 52.4 | 70.1 | — | 62.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 75.7 | — | — | — | |
| RIPUBudget=2.2%, Backbone=DeepLab-v22023.06 | 52.9 | 70.1 | — | 96.8 | 76.6 | 89.6 | 45 | 47.7 | 45 | — | 90.6 | 92.7 | 73 | 93.1 | 80.5 | 52.4 | 70.1 | — | — | — | 53 | 62.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 75.7 | — | — | — | |
| HRDABackbone=DAFormer2022.04 | 52.8 | — | — | 85.2 | 47.7 | 88.8 | 49.5 | 4.8 | 57.2 | — | — | 89.1 | 76.2 | 89 | 64.7 | 63.9 | 64.9 | — | 61 | 87.4 | 65.7 | — | 72.4 | 65.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| HRDA2022.08 | 52.8 | 65.8 | — | 85.2 | 47.7 | 88.8 | 49.5 | 4.8 | 57.2 | — | — | 92.9 | 79.4 | 89 | 64.7 | 63.9 | 64.9 | — | — | 85.3 | 65.7 | 60.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| HRDA2022.11 | 52.8 | 65.8 | — | 85.2 | 47.7 | 88.8 | 49.5 | 4.8 | 57.2 | — | — | 92.9 | 79.4 | 89 | 64.7 | 63.9 | 64.9 | 72.4 | — | 85.3 | 65.7 | 60.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| HRDABackbone=MiT2023.04 | 52.8 | 65.8 | — | 85.2 | 47.7 | 88.8 | 49.5 | 4.8 | 57.2 | — | — | 92.9 | 79.4 | 89 | 64.7 | 63.9 | 64.9 | — | 60.9 | 85.3 | 65.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| HRDA2024.08 | 52.8 | — | — | 85.2 | 47.7 | 88.8 | 49.5 | 4.8 | 57.2 | — | — | 92.9 | 79.4 | 89 | 64.7 | 63.9 | 64.9 | — | 60.9 | 85.3 | 65.7 | — | — | 65.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 55.4 | — | — | |
| HRDA2025.09 | 52.8 | 65.8 | — | 85.2 | 47.7 | 88.8 | 49.5 | 4.8 | 57.2 | — | — | 92.9 | 79.4 | 89 | 64.7 | 63.9 | 64.9 | — | 60.9 | 85.3 | 65.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SePiCo (DistCL)Backbone=MiT-B52022.04 | 52.7 | 64.3 | — | 87 | 52.6 | 88.5 | 40.6 | 10.6 | 49.8 | — | — | 86.2 | 75.4 | 92.4 | 78.9 | 53 | 62.6 | — | — | 86.8 | 57 | 55.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 71.4 | — | — | — | |
| SePiCo (DistCL)Backbone=MiT-B52022.04 | 52.7 | 64.3 | — | 87 | 52.6 | 88.5 | 40.6 | 10.6 | 49.8 | — | — | 86.2 | 75.4 | 92.4 | 78.9 | 53 | 62.6 | — | — | 86.8 | 57 | 55.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 71.4 | — | — | — | |
| Kim et al.Segmentation Model=ResNet1012021.08 | 52.6 | — | — | 92.6 | 53.2 | 79.2 | — | — | — | — | — | 78.6 | 84.4 | 20 | 82.1 | 34.8 | 14.6 | — | — | 7.5 | — | 1.6 | 49.3 | 39.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| Eucl. Supervised DABudget=100%, Backbone=DeepLab-v3+2023.06 | 51.9 | 72.2 | — | 97.5 | 81.4 | 90.9 | 48.5 | 51.3 | 53.6 | — | 91.7 | 93.4 | 75.6 | 93.2 | 75.6 | 52 | 71.2 | — | — | — | 59.4 | 68.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 77.1 | — | — | — | |
| Hyper. Supervised DABudget=100%, Backbone=DeepLab-v3+2023.06 | 51.5 | 72.3 | — | 97.7 | 82.2 | 90.3 | 53 | 48.8 | 51.7 | — | 91.4 | 94.2 | 75 | 93.4 | 82.1 | 52.8 | 70.2 | — | — | — | 56 | 66.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 77.1 | — | — | — | |
| MADABackbone=DeepLab-v3+, Annotation Budget=5%2023.01 | 51.2 | 68.1 | — | 96.5 | 74.6 | 88.8 | 45.9 | 43.8 | 46.7 | 52.4 | 89.7 | 92.2 | 74.1 | 90.9 | 60.3 | 52.4 | 69.4 | — | 60.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 73.3 | — | — | — | |
| MADABudget=5%, Backbone=DeepLab-v22023.06 | 51.2 | 68.1 | — | 96.5 | 74.6 | 88.8 | 45.9 | 43.8 | 46.7 | — | 89.7 | 92.2 | 74.1 | 90.9 | 60.3 | 52.4 | 69.4 | — | — | — | 52.4 | 60.5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 73.3 | — | — | — | |
| SePiCo (ProtoCL)Backbone=MiT-B52022.04 | 50.5 | 62.9 | — | 85.9 | 45.5 | 88.9 | 38.2 | 2.5 | 52.3 | — | — | 88.4 | 74 | 92.3 | 70.6 | 56.2 | 56.7 | — | — | 89.3 | 57.7 | 58.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 70.3 | — | — | — | |
| SePiCo (ProtoCL)Backbone=MiT-B52022.04 | 50.5 | 62.9 | — | 85.9 | 45.5 | 88.9 | 38.2 | 2.5 | 52.3 | — | — | 88.4 | 74 | 92.3 | 70.6 | 56.2 | 56.7 | — | — | 89.3 | 57.7 | 58.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 70.3 | — | — | — | |
| DAFormer + CLUDAmodule=CLUDA2022.08 | 50.2 | 61.7 | — | 87.4 | 44.8 | 86.5 | 47.9 | 8.7 | 49.8 | — | — | 89.2 | 74.4 | 86.9 | 65.3 | 56.85 | 57.1 | — | — | 85.6 | 44.5 | 52.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DAFormer + PiPaBase Method=DAFormer [13]2022.11 | 49.6 | 63.4 | — | 87.9 | 48.9 | 88.7 | 45.1 | 4.5 | 53.1 | — | — | 92.2 | 75.7 | 88.8 | 53.5 | 58 | 62.8 | 70.1 | — | 87.8 | 59.1 | 58.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DIDA2023.07 | 49.6 | 63.3 | — | 90.6 | 53.7 | 88.5 | 45.7 | 8.5 | 50.5 | 56.8 | — | 91.5 | 74.6 | 88.1 | 62.7 | 56.2 | 64.3 | — | 56.1 | 87.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 70.1 | — | — | — | |
| PiPa2025.09 | 49.6 | 63.4 | — | 87.9 | 48.9 | 88.7 | 45.1 | 4.5 | 53.1 | — | — | 92.2 | 75.7 | 88.8 | 53.5 | 58 | 62.8 | — | 58.8 | 87.8 | 59.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CAMixBase Model=DAFormer [46]2021.08 | 49.3 | — | — | 87.4 | 47.5 | 88.8 | — | — | — | 55.2 | 87 | 91.7 | 72 | 86.9 | 57 | 57.5 | 63.6 | — | 55.4 | — | — | — | 69.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CAMix2022.11 | 49.3 | — | — | 87.4 | 47.5 | 88.8 | — | — | — | — | — | 91.7 | 72 | 86.9 | 57 | 57.5 | 63.6 | 69.2 | — | 87 | 55.2 | 55.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| SePiCo (BankCL)Backbone=MiT-B52022.04 | 49.3 | 63.3 | — | 88.2 | 49.3 | 88.6 | 36.1 | 4.7 | 53.1 | — | — | 84.8 | 72.4 | 92.8 | 76.3 | 55.5 | 55.2 | — | — | 88.5 | 58.9 | 58.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 70.6 | — | — | — | |
| SePiCo (BankCL)Backbone=MiT-B52022.04 | 49.3 | 63.3 | — | 88.2 | 49.3 | 88.6 | 36.1 | 4.7 | 53.1 | — | — | 84.8 | 72.4 | 92.8 | 76.3 | 55.5 | 55.2 | — | — | 88.5 | 58.9 | 58.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 70.6 | — | — | — | |
| HRDABackbone=DeepLabV22022.04 | 48.5 | — | — | 85.8 | 47.3 | 87.3 | 27.3 | 1.4 | 50.5 | — | — | 89.1 | 76.2 | 87.3 | 49.3 | 55 | 68.2 | — | 57.8 | 86 | 57.8 | — | 69.2 | 61.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DAFormer2022.04 | 48.2 | — | — | 84.5 | 40.7 | 88.4 | 41.5 | 6.5 | 50 | — | — | 89.8 | 73.2 | 87.2 | 53.2 | 53.9 | 61.7 | — | 54.6 | 86 | 55 | — | 67.4 | 60.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DAFormerVenue=CVPR’222021.08 | 48.2 | — | — | 84.5 | 40.7 | 88.4 | — | — | — | 55 | 86 | 89.8 | 73.2 | 87.2 | 53.2 | 53.9 | 61.7 | — | 54.6 | — | — | — | 67.4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DAFormer2022.08 | 48.2 | 60.9 | — | 84.5 | 40.7 | 88.4 | 41.5 | 6.5 | 50 | — | — | 89.8 | 73.2 | 87.2 | 53.2 | 53.9 | 61.7 | — | — | 86 | 55 | 54.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DAFormer2022.11 | 48.2 | 60.9 | — | 84.5 | 40.7 | 88.4 | 41.5 | 6.5 | 50 | — | — | 89.8 | 73.2 | 87.2 | 53.2 | 53.9 | 61.7 | 67.4 | — | 86 | 55 | 54.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| DAFormerBackbone=MiT-B52022.04 | 48.2 | 60.9 | — | 84.5 | 40.7 | 88.4 | 41.5 | 6.5 | 50 | — | — | 89.8 | 73.2 | 87.2 | 53.2 | 53.9 | 61.7 | — | — | 86 | 55 | 54.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 67.4 | — | — | — | |
| DAFormerBackbone=MiT-B52022.04 | 48.2 | 60.9 | — | 84.5 | 40.7 | 88.4 | 41.5 | 6.5 | 50 | — | — | 89.8 | 73.2 | 87.2 | 53.2 | 53.9 | 61.7 | — | — | 86 | 55 | 54.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 67.4 | — | — | — | |
| DAFormerVenue=CVPR’222023.07 | 48.2 | 60.9 | — | 84.5 | 40.7 | 88.4 | 41.5 | 6.5 | 50 | 55 | — | 89.8 | 73.2 | 87.2 | 53.2 | 53.9 | 61.7 | — | 54.6 | 86 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 67.4 | — | — | — |