ResearchBenchmarksRetrodictive Forecasting on ERA5Follow0.931RMSECVAE0.912881.035191.15751.27981Feb 28, 2026Evaluation ResultsMethodMethodLinksRMSERatioDM StatisticDM p-valueCVAEVerdict=GOVerdict=GO2026.020.931———Inv(flow)Verdict=GOVerdict=GO2026.021.0250.9910.50.642MLPVerdict=GOVerdict=GO2026.021.034———NaïveVerdict=GOVerdict=GO2026.021.384———