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Refusal Rate Evaluation on TextVQA

70Refusal RateImageProtector
68.8876.448491.56Apr 10, 2026

Evaluation results

MethodLinks
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=InstructBLIP, Shadow Question Type=general probing questions, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0470
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=Qwen2.5-VL, Shadow Question Type=general probing questions, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0472
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=Qwen-VL-Chat, Shadow Question Type=general probing questions, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0473
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=Phi-4-multimodal, Shadow Question Type=general probing questions, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0477
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=LLaVA-1.5, Shadow Question Type=Similar probing questions, Question Relevance=Image-relevant2026.0481
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=MiniGPT-4, Shadow Question Type=exact, Question Relevance=image-relevant2026.0481
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=LLaVA-1.5, Shadow Question Type=similar, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0482
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=InstructBLIP, Shadow Question Type=similar, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0483
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=Qwen2.5-VL, Shadow Question Type=similar, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0483
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=LLaVA-1.5, Shadow Question Type=general probing questions, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0484
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=MiniGPT-4, Probing Question Type=exact, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0484
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=InstructBLIP, Probing Question Type=exact, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0484
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=Phi-4-multimodal, Shadow Question Type=Similar probing questions, Question Relevance=Image-relevant2026.0485
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=Qwen2.5-VL, Shadow Question Type=Similar probing questions, Question Relevance=Image-relevant2026.0485
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=Qwen-VL-Chat, Shadow Question Type=Similar probing questions, Question Relevance=Image-relevant2026.0486
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=Phi-4-multimodal, Shadow Question Type=similar, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0486
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=MiniGPT-4, Shadow Question Type=general probing questions, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0487
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=MiniGPT-4, Shadow Question Type=Similar probing questions, Question Relevance=Image-relevant2026.0488
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=Qwen-VL-Chat, Shadow Question Type=exact, Question Relevance=image-relevant2026.0488
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=Qwen-VL-Chat, Shadow Question Type=similar, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0489
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=InstructBLIP, Shadow Question Type=Similar probing questions, Question Relevance=Image-relevant2026.0490
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=LLaVA-1.5, Probing Question Type=exact, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0490
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=Qwen-VL-Chat, Probing Question Type=exact, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0491
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=LLaVA-1.5, Shadow Question Type=exact, Question Relevance=image-relevant2026.0491
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=InstructBLIP, Shadow Question Type=exact, Question Relevance=image-relevant2026.0492
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=MiniGPT-4, Shadow Question Type=similar, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0493
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=Phi-4-multimodal, Probing Question Type=exact, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0497
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=Qwen2.5-VL, Probing Question Type=exact, Question Relevance=image-irrelevant2026.0497
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=Qwen2.5-VL, Shadow Question Type=exact, Question Relevance=image-relevant2026.0497
ImageProtectorTarget MLLM=Phi-4-multimodal, Shadow Question Type=exact, Question Relevance=image-relevant2026.0498