Reasoning-intensive Retrieval on BRIGHT
33.9BRIGHT Score (Biology)RouteHead
Evaluation results
| Method | Links | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RouteHeadBase LLM=Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct2026.04 | 33.9 | — | 41.2 | 23.1 | 28.8 | 17.3 | 13.5 | 20.8 | 3 | 19.5 | 8.4 | 6.2 | 10.2 | 18.9 | — | — | |
| RankGPTModel=GPT42026.04 | 33.8 | — | 34.2 | 16.7 | 27 | 22.3 | 27.7 | 11.1 | 15.6 | 3.4 | 1.2 | 8.6 | 0.2 | 16.8 | — | — | |
| ICRBase LLM=Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct2026.04 | 33.4 | — | 37.7 | 18.5 | 21.2 | 13.8 | 10 | 17.4 | 2.4 | 13.3 | 7.4 | 2.9 | 7.9 | 15.5 | — | — | |
| Qwen + SPIKE*Base Retriever=Qwen, Document Augmentation Strategy=SPIKE (reproduced), Rationale Generator=Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct2026.06 | 32.8 | — | 36.6 | 18.3 | 25.7 | 14.8 | 21.6 | 24.9 | 16.7 | — | 12.9 | 28.8 | 26.6 | 23.8 | 25.7 | 2.2 | |
| Qwen + SPIKEBase Retriever=Qwen, Document Augmentation Strategy=SPIKE (original), Rationale Generator=Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct2026.06 | 32.4 | — | 41.2 | 23.7 | 25.7 | 16 | 23.7 | 24.7 | 16.7 | — | 12.5 | 31 | 27.1 | 25.1 | 26.3 | 7.7 | |
| RouteHeadBase LLM=Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct2026.04 | 32 | — | 38.4 | 22.8 | 27.6 | 18.8 | 16.2 | 22.8 | 3.5 | 24 | 11.4 | 7.3 | 12.5 | 19.8 | — | — | |
| QRheadBase LLM=Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct2026.04 | 31.5 | — | 40.5 | 22.3 | 27.9 | 16.5 | 12.7 | 20 | 2.8 | 18.8 | 7.8 | 5.5 | 9.7 | 18 | — | — | |
| CoreheadBase LLM=Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct2026.04 | 31.2 | — | 37.9 | 22.3 | 26.9 | 18.2 | 16.7 | 22.1 | 3.7 | 24.6 | 11 | 6.7 | 12.8 | 19.5 | — | — | |
| ICRBase LLM=Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct2026.04 | 31.1 | — | 33.3 | 18.2 | 20.5 | 15.7 | 13.5 | 17.8 | 2.4 | 16.8 | 8.3 | 5.2 | 11.3 | 16.2 | — | — | |
| QRheadBase LLM=Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct2026.04 | 30.8 | — | 35.5 | 20.2 | 25.1 | 18.9 | 15.2 | 20.3 | 3.6 | 20.9 | 9.8 | 5.5 | 11.8 | 18.1 | — | — | |
| CoreheadBase LLM=Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct2026.04 | 30.7 | — | 40.5 | 22.7 | 27.2 | 16.4 | 14.6 | 20.1 | 3.4 | 22.4 | 9.5 | 5.6 | 10.8 | 18.6 | — | — | |
| QwenBase Retriever=Qwen, Document Augmentation Strategy=None2026.06 | 29.9 | — | 39.6 | 17.7 | 24.4 | 13.2 | 21.2 | 20.3 | 12.4 | — | 14.4 | 32.9 | 27.8 | 23.3 | 25.5 | — | |
| Qwen + RL-IndexBase Retriever=Qwen, Document Augmentation Strategy=RL-Index, Rationale Generator=Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct2026.06 | 29.8 | — | 39.7 | 21.9 | 27.8 | 16.6 | 22.1 | 26.7 | 17 | — | 16 | 33.6 | 28.5 | 25.7 | 28.3 | 10.3 | |
| RouteHeadBase LLM=Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct2026.04 | 29.6 | — | 39 | 20 | 23.5 | 14.6 | 11.3 | 17.8 | 3.3 | 20.3 | 11.4 | 5.2 | 10 | 17.2 | — | — | |
| RouteHeadBase LLM=Qwen-2.5-7B-Instruct2026.04 | 29.3 | — | 36.5 | 17.3 | 23.8 | 15.5 | 10.4 | 20 | 4.1 | 18.2 | 7.3 | 5.5 | 9.2 | 16.5 | — | — | |
| CoreheadBase LLM=Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct2026.04 | 28.6 | — | 38.2 | 19.2 | 22.6 | 13.8 | 11.8 | 16.9 | 3.5 | 20.8 | 10.7 | 4.6 | 10.1 | 16.7 | — | — | |
| QRheadBase LLM=Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct2026.04 | 28.4 | — | 32.7 | 15.3 | 18.1 | 11 | 6.8 | 12 | 3 | 10.1 | 6.3 | 3.4 | 5 | 12.6 | — | — | |
| CoreheadBase LLM=Qwen-2.5-7B-Instruct2026.04 | 28.3 | — | 35.1 | 16.7 | 23.8 | 15.1 | 8.7 | 19 | 4.9 | 18.6 | 7.6 | 4.7 | 8.8 | 15.9 | — | — | |
| ICRBase LLM=Qwen-2.5-7B-Instruct2026.04 | 27.6 | — | 32.6 | 14.5 | 19.2 | 14 | 9.4 | 16.5 | 2 | 15.7 | 7.2 | 3.3 | 6.7 | 14 | — | — | |
| QRheadBase LLM=Qwen-2.5-7B-Instruct2026.04 | 26.8 | — | 34.7 | 15.1 | 21.6 | 13.9 | 8.9 | 18.5 | 3.3 | 16.8 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 8 | 14.8 | — | — | |
| RankGPTModel=Qwen3-235B-A22B2026.04 | 26.4 | — | 26.7 | 22.1 | 26.3 | 18.8 | 17 | 24.9 | 8.2 | 27.2 | 7.7 | 11.7 | 8.6 | 18.8 | — | — | |
| ICRBase LLM=Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct2026.04 | 26.2 | — | 28.9 | 11.8 | 16.5 | 8.7 | 6.1 | 11.5 | 2.7 | 7.8 | 6 | 2.6 | 4 | 11.1 | — | — | |
| RankGPTModel=Qwen3-32B2026.04 | 24.9 | — | 29.4 | 20.9 | 25.7 | 18.3 | 16 | 23.2 | 7.6 | 27.6 | 7.8 | 8.9 | 8.4 | 18.2 | — | — | |
| BM25Initial retrieval=true2026.04 | 18.2 | — | 27.9 | 16.4 | 13.4 | 10.9 | 16.3 | 16.1 | 4.3 | 24.7 | 6.5 | 2.1 | 7.3 | 13.7 | — | — | |
| SBERT + SPIKEBase Retriever=SBERT, Document Augmentation Strategy=SPIKE (original), Rationale Generator=Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct2026.06 | 18.2 | — | 23.1 | 17.9 | 21.3 | 9 | 13.4 | 15.5 | 8.1 | — | 5.4 | 11.2 | 19.3 | 15.8 | 26.7 | 6 | |
| SBERT + SPIKE*Base Retriever=SBERT, Document Augmentation Strategy=SPIKE (reproduced), Rationale Generator=Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct2026.06 | 16.9 | — | 22 | 13.3 | 20 | 9.6 | 13.2 | 15.3 | 8.1 | — | 4.6 | 11.3 | 19.2 | 15 | 26.4 | 0.7 | |
| SBERT + RL-IndexBase Retriever=SBERT, Document Augmentation Strategy=RL-Index, Rationale Generator=Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct2026.06 | 15.7 | — | 22.5 | 18.9 | 21.5 | 10.5 | 14.7 | 16.1 | 8.5 | — | 5.4 | 13.1 | 20.9 | 16.3 | 28.3 | 9.4 | |
| SBERTBase Retriever=SBERT, Document Augmentation Strategy=None2026.06 | 15.2 | — | 20.4 | 16.6 | 22.7 | 8.2 | 11 | 15.3 | 7 | — | 5.3 | 10.8 | 20 | 14.9 | 26.4 | — | |
| BGE + RL-IndexBase Retriever=BGE, Document Augmentation Strategy=RL-Index, Rationale Generator=Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct2026.06 | 14.1 | — | 27.2 | 16.9 | 18.9 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 10.5 | — | 5.9 | 9.6 | 13.9 | 15.4 | 26 | 13.2 | |
| BGE + SPIKEBase Retriever=BGE, Document Augmentation Strategy=SPIKE (original), Rationale Generator=Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct2026.06 | 13.2 | — | 26.4 | 17 | 18.1 | 11.5 | 13.3 | 13.2 | 6.4 | — | 4.8 | 8.5 | 13 | 14.4 | 27.1 | 5.9 | |
| BGE + SPIKE*Base Retriever=BGE, Document Augmentation Strategy=SPIKE (reproduced), Rationale Generator=Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct2026.06 | 13 | — | 24.4 | 13.3 | 18 | 12.2 | 13.1 | 13.5 | 7.7 | — | 5.5 | 8 | 12.7 | 14 | 26 | 3 | |
| BGEBase Retriever=BGE, Document Augmentation Strategy=None2026.06 | 11.7 | — | 24.4 | 16.4 | 17.4 | 11.7 | 10.6 | 13.1 | 5.7 | — | 6 | 6.9 | 13 | 13.6 | 26.7 | — | |
| LLM2VecBackbone=Qwen-3-0.6B2026.03 | — | 10.8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LLM2VecBackbone=Qwen-3-1.7B2026.03 | — | 14 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LLM2VecBackbone=Qwen-3-4B2026.03 | — | 15.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LLM2VecBackbone=Qwen-3-8B2026.03 | — | 14.9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LLM2VEC-GENBackbone=Qwen-3-0.6B2026.03 | — | 11.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LLM2VEC-GENBackbone=Qwen-3-1.7B2026.03 | — | 15.1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LLM2VEC-GENBackbone=Qwen-3-4B2026.03 | — | 19.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| LLM2VEC-GENBackbone=Qwen-3-8B2026.03 | — | 19.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |