ResearchBenchmarksPotential Outcome Estimation on HC-MNIST a = 1Potential Outcome Estimation on HC-MNIST a = 1Follow0.653CNFs (W2)Plug-in0.568760.590630.61250.63437Sep 26, 2025Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksCNFs (W2)CGANs (W2)CVAEs (W2)CDMs (W2)Plug-inLearner=Plug-inLearner=Plug-in2025.090.6531.3611.3050.601IPTWLearner=IPTWLearner=IPTW2025.090.6351.5061.2930.595RALearner=RALearner=RA2025.090.5931.5621.3010.574GDRLearner=GDRLearner=GDR2025.090.5721.7151.2750.572