ResearchBenchmarksPotential Outcome Estimation on HC-MNIST a = 0Potential Outcome Estimation on HC-MNIST a = 0Follow0.603CNFs (W2)RA0.599040.625770.65250.67923Sep 26, 2025Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksCNFs (W2)CGANs (W2)CVAEs (W2)CDMs (W2)RALearner=RALearner=RA2025.090.6031.6651.3370.688GDRLearner=GDRLearner=GDR2025.090.6131.9091.3060.66Plug-inLearner=Plug-inLearner=Plug-in2025.090.6651.5111.3330.683IPTWLearner=IPTWLearner=IPTW2025.090.7021.4561.3270.678