ResearchBenchmarksPDE Solving on Mean Escape Time PDEPDE Solving on Mean Escape Time PDEFollow0.174Relative L2 ErrorFK-PINNs0.140320.367660.5950.82234May 30, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksRelative L2 ErrorRelative H1 ErrorFK-PINNsOptimization Strategy=...Optimization Strategy=ADAM+L-BFGS2026.050.1740.699NNCGOptimization Strategy=...Optimization Strategy=ADAM+L-BFGS+NNCG2026.050.9861.006PINNsOptimization Strategy=...Optimization Strategy=ADAM+L-BFGS2026.051.0021.001ENGDOptimization Strategy=...Optimization Strategy=ENGD2026.051.0161.006