ResearchBenchmarksPDE Solving on Charged particles in electric fieldPDE Solving on Charged particles in electric fieldFollow0.004L2 ErrorDFO0.0017040.0168650.0320250.047186Apr 30, 2026Evaluation resultsMethodMethodLinksL2 ErrorL2 Error @ TDFORuntime (DF=1)=1×Runtime (DF=1)=1×2026.040.0040.0081DF + TikoRuntime (DF=1)=0.9×Runtime (DF=1)=0.9×2026.040.00830.0162NIVPRuntime (DF=1)=1×Runtime (DF=1)=1×2026.040.00850.0179DF + tSVDRuntime (DF=1)=1×Runtime (DF=1)=1×2026.040.01220.0406RSNGRuntime (DF=1)=0.5×Runtime (DF=1)=0.5×2026.040.02720.102TENGRuntime (DF=1)=2×Runtime (DF=1)=2×2026.040.06010.317